名師指點 現(xiàn)在完成時之二：Since 和 for 的用法
Since 和 for 的用法
表示過去已經(jīng)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)常用的時間狀語有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。
Since+過去點的時間，for+一段時間（數(shù)詞+量詞），此劃線部分用how long提問。
一、since短語或從句表示過去的動作延續(xù)至今，since之后的時間為一點。 如：
Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以來，史密斯先生一直在這工作。
He’s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大學(xué)以來大約學(xué)了五千個英語單詞。
二、for短語表示動作延續(xù)多長時間，for的賓語為時間段。 如：
We have known each other for twenty years. 我們認(rèn)識有二十年了。
I haven’t seen her for a long time. 我好久沒有見到她了。
練習(xí)：用since和for填空
1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month
4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock
7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children
10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here
1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.
3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
2.短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換延續(xù)性
①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.
→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there
1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
2) I moved to the USA last year.
I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
3) I went home yesterday.
I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
4) They came here last week.
They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.
②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out
1) He came out two years ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.
We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.
③become → be
1) I became a teacher in 2000.
I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
2) The river became dirty last year.
The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.
④close → be closed open → be open
1) The shop closed two hours ago.
The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
2) The door opened at six in the morning.
The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
⑤get up → be up die → be dead
leave sw. → be away from sw.
fall asleep/get tot sleep → be asleep
finish/end → be over marry → be married
1) I got up two hours ago.
I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
2) He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2002.
My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at six.
The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep two hours ago.
I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.
6) They married in 1990.
They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. begin → be on
1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.
I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
2) The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have put on → wear
catch/get a cold → have a cold get to know → know
1) They borrowed it last week.
They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.
2) I bought a pen two hours ago.
I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
3) I got to know him last year.
I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.
4) I put on my glasses three years ago.
I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.
⑧have/has gone to → have been in
1) He has gone to Beijing.
He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.
⑨join the league/the Party/the army
→ be a league/a Party member/a soldier
→ be a member of the league/the Party
→ be in the league/the Party/the army
1) He joined the league in 2002.
He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.
He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.
He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.
2) My brother joined the army two years ago.
My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________.
My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.
3.漢譯英
1）這本字典我已買了三年了。
2）他離開中國三年了。
3）我認(rèn)識他們五年了。
4）他們已去了美國五年了。
5）自從他搬到福州，他就住這兒了。
6）他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚10年。
7）我妹妹成為一個大學(xué)生已經(jīng)三年。
8）這會已開了多長時間了？
9）這門已經(jīng)關(guān)了兩天了。
10）我入團(tuán)2年了。
I __________ ___________ ___________ two years ago.
I __________ ___________ a ___________ ___________ for two years.
I __________ ___________ a ___________ of __________ _________ for two years.
I __________ ___________ ____________ the __________ for two years.
11）自從1999年以來他們就認(rèn)識。
12）我來到農(nóng)場已5年了。
4.劃線提問
1) I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ?
2) My father has lived here since 2000.
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________?
3) He left here yesterday.
_________ ________ he _________ __________?
4) They bought a book two hours ago.
__________ ___________ they __________ a book
Since 和 for 的用法
表示過去已經(jīng)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)常用的時間狀語有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。
Since+過去點的時間，for+一段時間（數(shù)詞+量詞），此劃線部分用how long提問。
一、since短語或從句表示過去的動作延續(xù)至今，since之后的時間為一點。 如：
Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以來，史密斯先生一直在這工作。
He’s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大學(xué)以來大約學(xué)了五千個英語單詞。
二、for短語表示動作延續(xù)多長時間，for的賓語為時間段。 如：
We have known each other for twenty years. 我們認(rèn)識有二十年了。
I haven’t seen her for a long time. 我好久沒有見到她了。
練習(xí)：用since和for填空
1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month
4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock
7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children
10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here
1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.
3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
2.短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換延續(xù)性
①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.
→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there
1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
2) I moved to the USA last year.
I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
3) I went home yesterday.
I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
4) They came here last week.
They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.
②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out
1) He came out two years ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.
We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.
③become → be
1) I became a teacher in 2000.
I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
2) The river became dirty last year.
The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.
④close → be closed open → be open
1) The shop closed two hours ago.
The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
2) The door opened at six in the morning.
The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
⑤get up → be up die → be dead
leave sw. → be away from sw.
fall asleep/get tot sleep → be asleep
finish/end → be over marry → be married
1) I got up two hours ago.
I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
2) He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2002.
My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at six.
The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep two hours ago.
I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.
6) They married in 1990.
They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. begin → be on
1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.
I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
2) The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have put on → wear
catch/get a cold → have a cold get to know → know
1) They borrowed it last week.
They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.
2) I bought a pen two hours ago.
I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
3) I got to know him last year.
I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.
4) I put on my glasses three years ago.
I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.
⑧have/has gone to → have been in
1) He has gone to Beijing.
He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.
⑨join the league/the Party/the army
→ be a league/a Party member/a soldier
→ be a member of the league/the Party
→ be in the league/the Party/the army
1) He joined the league in 2002.
He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.
He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.
He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.
2) My brother joined the army two years ago.
My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________.
My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.
3.漢譯英
1）這本字典我已買了三年了。
2）他離開中國三年了。
3）我認(rèn)識他們五年了。
4）他們已去了美國五年了。
5）自從他搬到福州，他就住這兒了。
6）他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚10年。
7）我妹妹成為一個大學(xué)生已經(jīng)三年。
8）這會已開了多長時間了？
9）這門已經(jīng)關(guān)了兩天了。
10）我入團(tuán)2年了。
I __________ ___________ ___________ two years ago.
I __________ ___________ a ___________ ___________ for two years.
I __________ ___________ a ___________ of __________ _________ for two years.
I __________ ___________ ____________ the __________ for two years.
11）自從1999年以來他們就認(rèn)識。
12）我來到農(nóng)場已5年了。
4.劃線提問
1) I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ?
2) My father has lived here since 2000.
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________?
3) He left here yesterday.
_________ ________ he _________ __________?
4) They bought a book two hours ago.
__________ ___________ they __________ a book
