高考英語備考總復(fù)習(xí)：BookI Unit16《Scientists at work》知識搜索與探究歸納
高考英語備考單元知識搜索與探究歸納
Unit16 Scientists at work
自助式復(fù)習(xí)板塊
知識搜索
A. 單詞
1.核子的；原子能的(adj.)__________________
2.不必要的；多余的（adj.）3.電的；導(dǎo)電的（adj.）
4.成功的（adj.）
5.銳利的；靈敏的（adj.）
6.殘酷的；令人痛苦的（adj.）
7.使充電；控告（v.）
8.證明；證實（v.）
9.撕扯；撕裂（v.）
10.控制（v.）
11.拴緊；使固定（v.）
12.懷疑（v.）
13.實施；管理，指揮（v.）
14.實驗；試驗（n.）
15.液體；液態(tài)物（n.）
16.有利條件；優(yōu)點（n.）
17.應(yīng)用；實施（n.）
18.雷雨；暴雨（n.）
19.電擊；打擊（n.）
20.感官；感覺（n.）
21.激進主義分子（n.）
22.結(jié)論；結(jié)束（n.）1.nuclear 2.unnecessary 3.electric4.successful 5.sharp 6.cruel 7.charge8.prove 9.tear10.control 11.fasten12.doubt 13.conduct 14.experiment 15.liquid 16.advantage 17.application18.thunderstorm19.shock 20.sense21.activist 22. conclusion
B. 短語
23.在某人看來
24.把……加上……...________...
25.利用 26.把……系到……..._______
27.防止風(fēng)箏飛走 the _______ _______ _______ _______
28.以平局結(jié)束 a_______
29.哭泣，掉淚 30.挑選出 31.在……（身上）做實驗
sth.
32.浪費錢 a 33.違法 34.毫無疑問 35.主管；負責(zé) 36.太貴了 37.導(dǎo)電38.用絲綢做的風(fēng)箏a 39.做實驗 an _______
答案：23.in one’s opinion 24.add,to25.make use of 26.tie/fasten,to27.prevent, kite from flying away 28.end in, tie 29.be in tears 30.pick out31.test on 32.waste of money 33.break the law 34.no doubt 35.in charge of 36.much too expensive 37.conduct
electricity 38.kite made of silk 39.do/make/conduct/perform, experimentC. 句型
40.我們要防止這種事情再次發(fā)生。
We should ______such kind of thing _______ ______ again.
41.這張椅子是由木頭做的。
This chair______ _______ _______ wood.
42.這個理論最后證明是正確的。
The theory______ ______ ______ right.
43.這種紙很好撕。
This kind of paper______ ______ .
答案：40. prevent/stop/keep, from happening41. is made of42. proved to be
43. tears easily
D. 語法
44. foot + ball=_______
45. up + stairs=_______
46. thunder + storm=_________
47. hide + and + seek=________
48. class + room=________
答案：44.football 45.upstairs 46.thunderstorm 47.hide and seek 48. classroom要點1 close
【例題】 (經(jīng)典回放)It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood to her mother.
A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing
解析:本句意為：“雨下得很大，小瑪麗感到很冷，所以她靠她媽媽很近”。close可以作副詞，表示“（距離）近地”“緊密地”；closely意為“緊密地，緊緊地”“認真地”“密切地”，通常不與to連用；closed意為“關(guān)閉的”。
答案:A
(1)close作為形容詞，有“靠近”“臨近”“接近”等意思，相當(dāng)于near。具體使用中，close之前多為連系動詞，如be, keep, remain, stand等。常以“...close to”短語出現(xiàn)，其中的to為介詞。
His company is close to ours.
他的公司離我們的很近。
close作為形容詞，還有“親近的，親密的”等意思。
The two countries are close as lips and teeth.
那兩個國家是唇齒相依的鄰邦。
They are close friends.
他們是好朋友。
?。?）close和closely這類副詞稱之為同源副詞。它們的意義非常接近，不加ly形式既可以是形容詞，又可以是副詞，其區(qū)別在于：凡是帶ly的副詞常指抽象的，引申的含義。原形形式副詞常指本義和具體意義。類似的還有deep, deeply“深地，深深地”；high, highly“高地，高度地”；wide, widely“寬地，廣泛地”。
We speak highly of him.
我們對他的評價很高。
The bird is flying high in the sky.
那只小鳥在天上飛得很高。
要點3 enough
【例題】2010上海春，34，some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.
A. Strangely enough
B. Enough strangely
C. Strange enough
D. Enough strange
解析:enough修飾形容詞、副詞通常后置。此處表達“奇怪的是”用副詞。
答案:A
enough修飾形容詞或副詞時，要放在被修飾詞后；當(dāng)修飾名詞時，常放在名詞前面。
careful enough 足夠仔細
well enough 足夠好
enough food 充足的食物
特別提醒：
enough不能與no連用，但是能與not連用。
There is not enough money.錢不夠。
要點3 with
【例題】2010北京，34I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ______.
A. going on
B. goes on
C. went on
D. to go on
解析:本題考查現(xiàn)在分詞在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中作補足語的用法。此處表示主動、進行，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。
答案:A
with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：
（1）with+賓語+名詞
He died with his daughter yet a school girl.
他死的時候，他的女兒還是個學(xué)生。
?。?）with+賓語+形容詞
He used to sleep with all the windows open.
他過去常常開著窗子睡覺。
She lay in bed with her face pale.
她躺在床上，臉色蒼白。
?。?）with+賓語+副詞
The girl fell asleep with the light on.
那位女孩睡著了，燈還亮著。
Her mother sat in an armchair with her head down.
她母親坐在椅子上，頭低著。
?。?）with+賓語+不定式
I can’t go out with these clothes to wash.
因為這些衣服要洗，我不能出去。
I had to go to bed with nothing to do.
我沒有事可做，只好睡覺。
?。?）with+賓語+介詞短語
He sat near the fire with his back to the door.
他坐在爐子旁，背朝著房門。
The teacher came in with a book in his hand.
老師進來了，手里拿著一本書。
?。?）with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞
With the machine helping us, we could finish the work on time.
由于有機器的幫助，我們能按時完成任務(wù)。
She lives in the room with the light burning.
她住在亮著燈的那個房間里。
(7)with+賓語+過去分詞
With everything done, she went home.
做完一切事情以后，她回家了。
He lay on his back, with his teeth set and his eyes closed.
他仰臥著，咬著牙、閉著眼。
要點4 allow
【例題】 They don’t allow in the factory.
A. smoke
B. to smoke
C. smoked
D. smoking
解析:本句意為：“他們不允許在工廠里吸煙。”表示“同意做……”用allow doing或allow s.
to do。
答案:D
allow與permit都表示“同意”。
（1）用法相同
allow/ permit sb.
to do sth. 允許某人做某事
allow /permit doing sth. 允許做某事（此時動詞只用ing形式）
反義詞forbid具有同樣用法。
（2）意義有異同
許多情況下可換用，只是詞義的強弱上有差異。allow語意較弱，含有“聽任”“默許”“不加阻止”的意思；permit語意較強，強調(diào)“正式認可”“批準”的意思。
The nurse allowed him to remain there, though it was not permitted.
護士讓他留在那里，雖然這是（規(guī)定）不允許的。
要點1 a number of
【例題】 The number of people we informed one hundred, but a number of them
_______absent for different
reasons.
A. were; was
B. was; was
C. was; were
D. were; were
解析:本句意為：“我們通知了100人，但是很多人都因不同的原因沒有來?！盿 number of意為“許多”，相當(dāng)于many，修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；the number of 意為“……的數(shù)目”，用作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
答案:C
表示“很多，許多”還有以下詞組：
?。?）修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)：
a great/large number of
a large number of newspapers 大量的報紙
a great many
a great many books 大量的書
quite a few
quite a few students 許多學(xué)生
many a
Many a student has known the answer.
很多學(xué)生知道答案了。
特別提醒：
a great many后面如果加of,名詞前要加the。
a great many of the books 大量的書
（2）修飾不可數(shù)名詞：
a great deal of
a great deal of coal 大量的煤
a large amount of
a large amount of water 大量的水
?。?）既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞：
a lot of
a large quantity of(謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后的名詞）
large quantities of(謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù))
A large quantity of coal has been burnt.
已經(jīng)燒了大量的煤了。
A large quantity of students have finished reading the book.
很多學(xué)生已經(jīng)看完了這本書。
Large quantities of water have been polluted.
大量的水已經(jīng)被污染了。
plenty of
I have plenty of time.
我有很多時間。
要點2 protect...from...
【例題】2010上海春，55People first began to wear hats to_______ themselves from the climate.
A. defend
B. protect
C. prevent
D. hide
解析:本句意為：“人們一開始戴帽子是為了保護自己不受氣候的影響。”protect...from意為“保護……不受……影響”；defend意為“保衛(wèi)，捍衛(wèi)”；prevent意為“防止，預(yù)防”；hide意為“隱藏，隱瞞”。
答案:B
protect...from(against)...使（保護）……不受……
（1）+名詞
We should wear more clothes to protect ourselves from the cold weather.
我們應(yīng)該多穿些衣服來御寒。
?。?）+doing sth.
I wear a hat in summer to protect myself from being burnt.
我夏天戴帽子是為了防止自己被曬傷。
特別提醒：
protect接較大的事情，如：天災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭等，一般用against;如果接比較小的事情則通常用from。
要點1 There is no doubt that... 毫無疑問……
【例題】2010廣東，34Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _____a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. whether
解析:本句意為：“一些研究員認為毫無疑問以后艾滋病肯定能治愈?！盩here is no doubt that...表示“毫無疑問”。
答案:C
(1)there is no doubt that...表示“毫無疑問”，doubt后跟否定句，用that引導(dǎo)。
There is no doubt that he is a good student.
毫無疑問他是一個好學(xué)生。
（2）doubt后跟肯定句，用if/whether引導(dǎo)。
I doubt if/whether he will come.
我懷疑他會不會來。
?。?）有關(guān)doubt的詞組：
no doubt“肯定地，想必”；without doubt “毫無疑問，一定地”。
No doubt I have won the game.
毫無疑問我贏了那場比賽。
He will recovery soon without doubt.
他一定會很快恢復(fù)的。
要點2 so...that... 引導(dǎo)狀語從句
【例題】 Liu Xiang did well at Athens Olympic Games______ all China are proud of him.
A. so; that
B. as; as
C. not only; but also
D. both; and
解析:so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，與句意最相符。
答案:A
(1)so +adj./adv.+ that...表示“如此……以至于”，that可省略；當(dāng)so和它所修飾的形容詞或副詞放在句首時，主句倒裝。
The book is so interesting that I want to read it again. =So interesting is the book that I want to read it again.
這本書是如此有趣，以至于我還想再讀一遍。
There are so many mistakes in your article that I can’t understand the meaning. =So many mistakes are there in your article that I can’t understand the meaning.
你文章中的錯誤太多了，以至于我都無法理解其意思。
（2）在so...that句型中也可以使用名詞，結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
so + few/many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that
so + little/much+不可數(shù)名詞+that
so +adj.+ a(n)+名詞+that=such + a(n)+adj.+名詞+that
It was so cold a day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.=It was such a cold day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.
天氣是如此之冷，以至于河里的冰結(jié)得都有兩英尺厚了。
