職稱英語(yǔ)《綜合類》考試語(yǔ)法講解:狀語(yǔ)從句
狀語(yǔ)從句:
所謂狀語(yǔ)從句,是指用來(lái)說(shuō)明主句行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、地點(diǎn)、目的、結(jié)果及方式等。
1) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句:
記住以下連接詞的意思和重點(diǎn):
when / while / as
注意:while除了做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的連接詞外,還解釋為雖然,而.
例如:He is very diligent, while she is very lazy.
before 在之前
until / not until注意:not until放在句首時(shí),往往要求倒裝
as soon as / once
immediately / instantly / directly 原本是副詞,這里作連接詞,表示一就,
例如: I knew I had made a mistake directly I had done it.
the moment / each time / every time / next time / the first time / the instant / the year原本是名詞或副詞,這里作連接詞用。
hardly when / no soonerthan一就
注意:這是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)考試的重點(diǎn)句型,一是不要把兩個(gè)句型中的when和than的搭配搞錯(cuò)了,二是要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。
例如:
Hardly had I sat down when the telephone rang.
重點(diǎn):在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中,用一般時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。
例如:
Well start as soon as the leader ______.
A.comes B.is coming C.will come D.came
根據(jù)英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)一致性原則,主句與從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一致,答案似乎應(yīng)該是B或C,但是正確答案是A,因?yàn)樵跁r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中,用一般時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。將上句改為過(guò)去時(shí),道理也一樣:
He said we would start as soon as the leader _____.
A.came B.was coming C.would come D.comes
答案應(yīng)為A
2) 條件狀語(yǔ)從句:
分真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句
重點(diǎn):在條件狀語(yǔ)中,用一般時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
主要連接詞:
if / unless
例如:
Children should not be taken into the room of a very sick person ______ there is some special reason for it.
A.except B. besides C. unless D.whereas
解題思路:根據(jù)上面說(shuō)過(guò)的連接原則,這里必須是一個(gè)連接詞,而A,B都是介詞,因此正確答案只能在C,D中選。whereas意為而,故正確答案為C.
provided / on condition that 知道這也是連接詞就可以了,一般說(shuō),當(dāng)考題中出現(xiàn)這種詞時(shí),應(yīng)傾向選擇。
3) 原因狀語(yǔ)從句:
主要連接詞:because/ since / as
要點(diǎn):不要把連接詞 because與介詞短語(yǔ)because of 相混淆;
不要把表示原因的since與表示時(shí)間的since自從相混淆;
不要把表示原因的as與表示時(shí)間的as隨著相混淆;
順便提一下, because表示直接因果關(guān)系,而since, as 是對(duì)事實(shí)的說(shuō)明,主句和從句之間并不一定具有因果關(guān)系.
例如:
As you are already 18 years old, you should know what to do and what not to do.
這個(gè)句子用because連接就不太合適。好在軍隊(duì)職稱考試中并不要求作這種分辨。
for 注意:一般只能放在主句后面,即主句 + for從句,例如:
He must have gone to bed, for it is too late. 該句不能用because
now that / seeing that / considering that
Seeing that this problem was settled, they proceeded to the next one. n
in that一般放在主句后面,例如:
Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages as a tool to communicate.
狀語(yǔ)從句:
所謂狀語(yǔ)從句,是指用來(lái)說(shuō)明主句行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、地點(diǎn)、目的、結(jié)果及方式等。
1) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句:
記住以下連接詞的意思和重點(diǎn):
when / while / as
注意:while除了做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的連接詞外,還解釋為雖然,而.
例如:He is very diligent, while she is very lazy.
before 在之前
until / not until注意:not until放在句首時(shí),往往要求倒裝
as soon as / once
immediately / instantly / directly 原本是副詞,這里作連接詞,表示一就,
例如: I knew I had made a mistake directly I had done it.
the moment / each time / every time / next time / the first time / the instant / the year原本是名詞或副詞,這里作連接詞用。
hardly when / no soonerthan一就
注意:這是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)考試的重點(diǎn)句型,一是不要把兩個(gè)句型中的when和than的搭配搞錯(cuò)了,二是要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。
例如:
Hardly had I sat down when the telephone rang.
重點(diǎn):在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中,用一般時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。
例如:
Well start as soon as the leader ______.
A.comes B.is coming C.will come D.came
根據(jù)英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)一致性原則,主句與從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一致,答案似乎應(yīng)該是B或C,但是正確答案是A,因?yàn)樵跁r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中,用一般時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。將上句改為過(guò)去時(shí),道理也一樣:
He said we would start as soon as the leader _____.
A.came B.was coming C.would come D.comes
答案應(yīng)為A
2) 條件狀語(yǔ)從句:
分真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句
重點(diǎn):在條件狀語(yǔ)中,用一般時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
主要連接詞:
if / unless
例如:
Children should not be taken into the room of a very sick person ______ there is some special reason for it.
A.except B. besides C. unless D.whereas
解題思路:根據(jù)上面說(shuō)過(guò)的連接原則,這里必須是一個(gè)連接詞,而A,B都是介詞,因此正確答案只能在C,D中選。whereas意為而,故正確答案為C.
provided / on condition that 知道這也是連接詞就可以了,一般說(shuō),當(dāng)考題中出現(xiàn)這種詞時(shí),應(yīng)傾向選擇。
3) 原因狀語(yǔ)從句:
主要連接詞:because/ since / as
要點(diǎn):不要把連接詞 because與介詞短語(yǔ)because of 相混淆;
不要把表示原因的since與表示時(shí)間的since自從相混淆;
不要把表示原因的as與表示時(shí)間的as隨著相混淆;
順便提一下, because表示直接因果關(guān)系,而since, as 是對(duì)事實(shí)的說(shuō)明,主句和從句之間并不一定具有因果關(guān)系.
例如:
As you are already 18 years old, you should know what to do and what not to do.
這個(gè)句子用because連接就不太合適。好在軍隊(duì)職稱考試中并不要求作這種分辨。
for 注意:一般只能放在主句后面,即主句 + for從句,例如:
He must have gone to bed, for it is too late. 該句不能用because
now that / seeing that / considering that
Seeing that this problem was settled, they proceeded to the next one. n
in that一般放在主句后面,例如:
Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages as a tool to communicate.