21.The following appeared in a memo from the new vice president of Sartorian, a company that manufactures mens clothing.

　　Five years ago, at a time when we had difficulties in obtaining reliable supplies of high-quality wool fabric, we discontinued production of our deluxe alpaca overcoats. Now that we have a new fabric supplier, we should resume production. This coat should sell very well: since we have not offered an alpaca overcoat for five years and since our major competitor no longer makes an alpaca overcoat, there will be pent-up customer demand. Also, since the price of most types of clothing has risen in each of the past five years, customers should be willing to pay significantly higher prices for alpaca overcoats than they did five years ago, and our company profits will increase.

　　A、五年前人們喜歡穿A外套，并不表示現在人們還會穿A外套。這五年人們的穿衣喜好會改變，或者已習慣去其他外套。競爭者不生產可能從側面說明該外套已不再受歡迎。

　　B、其他面料漲價了，A面料不一定漲。如果A面料也漲了，消費者也未必愿意付更高的錢購買A外套。

　　C、即使消費者愿意花費更高的價錢購買A外套，該公司也未必能夠盈利。經濟學常識，利潤等于營業額減去成本。生產成本，5年為在市面上出現，需要很大的成本來建立品牌。

　　22.The following appeared in a memo from the president of a company that builds and sells new homes in Steel City.

　　Over the past five years, the population of Steel City has increased by more than 20 percent, and family incomes in Steel City have risen much faster than the national average. Nationwide, sales of houses priced above $150,000 have increased more than have sales of lower-priced houses. Such data indicate that we should make changes in our business to increase company profits. First, we should build fewer low-priced houses than we did last year and focus instead on building houses designed to sell at above $150,000. Second, we should hire additional workers so that we can build a larger total number of houses than we did last year.

　　A、調查類錯誤。懷疑該全國調查樣本選擇的隨機性。如果不隨機，則調查結果不具有參考價值。即使該調查取樣隨機，也是過去5年，并不表示現在以及今后也能如此。

　　B、即使該調查結果能夠反映現在以及今后，那也是全國的，并不一定適用于SC地區。正如作者所說的，SC的居民收入增長高并不意味著SC的居民愿意購買高價房。

　　C、即使SC的居民愿意購買，該公司也未必能夠盈利。經濟學常識，利潤等于營業額減去成本。建造高價房可能要比低價房高很多的成本，如果該成本多于銷售收入的增長，則不會產生盈利，甚至會初選虧損。

　　23.A recent sales study indicated that consumption of seafood dishes in Bay City restaurants has increased by 30 percent over the past five years. Yet there are no currently operating city restaurants that specialize in seafood. Moreover, the majority of families in Bay City are two-income families, and a nationwide study has shown that such families eat significantly fewer home-cooked meals than they did a decade ago but at the same time express more concern about eating healthily. Therefore, a new Bay City restaurant specializing in seafood will be quite popular and profitable.

　　A、如果基數比較小，增長30%沒有意義。即使有意義也是在過去的5年，并不表示今后也會如此。即使今后也是如此，人們也未必喜歡到海鮮專店去吃海鮮。人們可能覺得在那些飯館偶爾搭配海鮮會更有味道，而不是就是喜歡吃海鮮。B城現在沒有海鮮專店可能從側面反映了這個問題。

　　B、全國調查，調查類錯誤，抽樣是否隨機化。即使隨機化，也是全國的，未必適用于B城。即使適用，人們不喜歡在家吃飯和喜歡更健康的食品，并不表示人們就喜歡吃海鮮，這之間不存在必然聯系。

　　C、即使人們都會選擇出去吃海鮮，該海鮮專店也未必會盈利。經濟學常識，品牌成本。

　　24.The following appeared in a memo from the president of Viva-Tech, a manufacturer of high-tech medical equipment.

　　In order to reduce costs, we should close some of our existing small assembly plants and build a large central plant. Grandview would be an ideal location for this new plant. First, of the locations that we have considered, Grandview has the largest adult population, so that we will be able to staff our plant quickly and easily. Second, since the average wage earned by workers in Grandview is less than that in the other locations, we should be able to keep production costs low. Last, as an inducement for us to build there, Grandviews town council has offered to allow us to operate for the first three years without paying city taxes.

　　A、作者沒有能夠給出充分的證據說明建造一個中心的大生產廠比維護幾個小生產廠要節約成本。

　　B、G地區擁有最多的成人人口并不意味著該公司就能夠快而容易地雇傭到工人，可能G地區的成人普遍不太愿意在高科技工廠工作，或者該地區的成人技術上普遍不符合該廠的要求。

　　C、G地區的平均工資要比其他地區低，也未必能夠能真正減少工廠的成本。因為這些工人可能工作效率比其他地區都要低。

　　D、G地區政府雖然允許該工廠前三年免交城市稅，可是作者沒有交待該地區城市稅的具體數額，如果很大的話，即使免去前三年，三年后將對公司造成很大的經濟壓力。

　　25.The following appeared in a memo from the mayor of the town of Hopewell.

　　Two years ago, the town of Ocean View built a new municipal golf course and resort hotel. During the past two years, tourism in Ocean View has increased, new businesses have opened there, and Ocean Views tax revenues have risen by 30 percent. The best way to improve Hopewells economy, and generate additional tax revenues, is to build a golf course and resort hotel similar to those in Ocean View.

　　A、OV地區旅游人數增加以及新商店開盤并不一定是由于建造高爾夫球場和旅館。可能和該地區新景點的開發以及經濟宏觀政策有關。

　　B、即使和該地區建造高爾夫球場和旅館有關，也是過去2年的事情，并不一定會延續。

　　C、即使會延續，由于兩地的差異性，也未必能成功移植到H地區。兩個地區的自然環境不同，人們的生活娛樂喜好不同，地理位置也不同。

　　D、即使對H地區的財政收入以及經濟有好處，也未必是最好的。絕對化錯誤。可能有其他更好的方案。

　　21.The following appeared in a memo from the new vice president of Sartorian, a company that manufactures mens clothing.

　　Five years ago, at a time when we had difficulties in obtaining reliable supplies of high-quality wool fabric, we discontinued production of our deluxe alpaca overcoats. Now that we have a new fabric supplier, we should resume production. This coat should sell very well: since we have not offered an alpaca overcoat for five years and since our major competitor no longer makes an alpaca overcoat, there will be pent-up customer demand. Also, since the price of most types of clothing has risen in each of the past five years, customers should be willing to pay significantly higher prices for alpaca overcoats than they did five years ago, and our company profits will increase.

　　A、五年前人們喜歡穿A外套，并不表示現在人們還會穿A外套。這五年人們的穿衣喜好會改變，或者已習慣去其他外套。競爭者不生產可能從側面說明該外套已不再受歡迎。

　　B、其他面料漲價了，A面料不一定漲。如果A面料也漲了，消費者也未必愿意付更高的錢購買A外套。

　　C、即使消費者愿意花費更高的價錢購買A外套，該公司也未必能夠盈利。經濟學常識，利潤等于營業額減去成本。生產成本，5年為在市面上出現，需要很大的成本來建立品牌。

　　22.The following appeared in a memo from the president of a company that builds and sells new homes in Steel City.

　　Over the past five years, the population of Steel City has increased by more than 20 percent, and family incomes in Steel City have risen much faster than the national average. Nationwide, sales of houses priced above $150,000 have increased more than have sales of lower-priced houses. Such data indicate that we should make changes in our business to increase company profits. First, we should build fewer low-priced houses than we did last year and focus instead on building houses designed to sell at above $150,000. Second, we should hire additional workers so that we can build a larger total number of houses than we did last year.

　　A、調查類錯誤。懷疑該全國調查樣本選擇的隨機性。如果不隨機，則調查結果不具有參考價值。即使該調查取樣隨機，也是過去5年，并不表示現在以及今后也能如此。

　　B、即使該調查結果能夠反映現在以及今后，那也是全國的，并不一定適用于SC地區。正如作者所說的，SC的居民收入增長高并不意味著SC的居民愿意購買高價房。

　　C、即使SC的居民愿意購買，該公司也未必能夠盈利。經濟學常識，利潤等于營業額減去成本。建造高價房可能要比低價房高很多的成本，如果該成本多于銷售收入的增長，則不會產生盈利，甚至會初選虧損。

　　23.A recent sales study indicated that consumption of seafood dishes in Bay City restaurants has increased by 30 percent over the past five years. Yet there are no currently operating city restaurants that specialize in seafood. Moreover, the majority of families in Bay City are two-income families, and a nationwide study has shown that such families eat significantly fewer home-cooked meals than they did a decade ago but at the same time express more concern about eating healthily. Therefore, a new Bay City restaurant specializing in seafood will be quite popular and profitable.

　　A、如果基數比較小，增長30%沒有意義。即使有意義也是在過去的5年，并不表示今后也會如此。即使今后也是如此，人們也未必喜歡到海鮮專店去吃海鮮。人們可能覺得在那些飯館偶爾搭配海鮮會更有味道，而不是就是喜歡吃海鮮。B城現在沒有海鮮專店可能從側面反映了這個問題。

　　B、全國調查，調查類錯誤，抽樣是否隨機化。即使隨機化，也是全國的，未必適用于B城。即使適用，人們不喜歡在家吃飯和喜歡更健康的食品，并不表示人們就喜歡吃海鮮，這之間不存在必然聯系。

　　C、即使人們都會選擇出去吃海鮮，該海鮮專店也未必會盈利。經濟學常識，品牌成本。

　　24.The following appeared in a memo from the president of Viva-Tech, a manufacturer of high-tech medical equipment.

　　In order to reduce costs, we should close some of our existing small assembly plants and build a large central plant. Grandview would be an ideal location for this new plant. First, of the locations that we have considered, Grandview has the largest adult population, so that we will be able to staff our plant quickly and easily. Second, since the average wage earned by workers in Grandview is less than that in the other locations, we should be able to keep production costs low. Last, as an inducement for us to build there, Grandviews town council has offered to allow us to operate for the first three years without paying city taxes.

　　A、作者沒有能夠給出充分的證據說明建造一個中心的大生產廠比維護幾個小生產廠要節約成本。

　　B、G地區擁有最多的成人人口并不意味著該公司就能夠快而容易地雇傭到工人，可能G地區的成人普遍不太愿意在高科技工廠工作，或者該地區的成人技術上普遍不符合該廠的要求。

　　C、G地區的平均工資要比其他地區低，也未必能夠能真正減少工廠的成本。因為這些工人可能工作效率比其他地區都要低。

　　D、G地區政府雖然允許該工廠前三年免交城市稅，可是作者沒有交待該地區城市稅的具體數額，如果很大的話，即使免去前三年，三年后將對公司造成很大的經濟壓力。

　　25.The following appeared in a memo from the mayor of the town of Hopewell.

　　Two years ago, the town of Ocean View built a new municipal golf course and resort hotel. During the past two years, tourism in Ocean View has increased, new businesses have opened there, and Ocean Views tax revenues have risen by 30 percent. The best way to improve Hopewells economy, and generate additional tax revenues, is to build a golf course and resort hotel similar to those in Ocean View.

　　A、OV地區旅游人數增加以及新商店開盤并不一定是由于建造高爾夫球場和旅館。可能和該地區新景點的開發以及經濟宏觀政策有關。

　　B、即使和該地區建造高爾夫球場和旅館有關，也是過去2年的事情，并不一定會延續。

　　C、即使會延續，由于兩地的差異性，也未必能成功移植到H地區。兩個地區的自然環境不同，人們的生活娛樂喜好不同，地理位置也不同。

　　D、即使對H地區的財政收入以及經濟有好處，也未必是最好的。絕對化錯誤。可能有其他更好的方案。