中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤一覽表18

　　 S

　　 ?

　　 safe

　　 [誤] The brave man safed the boy from drowning.?

　　 [正] The brave man saved the boy from drowning.?

　　 [析] safe是形容詞,如: They wished him a safe journey. safely是副詞,如: The young man drives his car safely. 而safety是名詞,如: safety island(安全島),Safety first!(安全第一!)但save是動(dòng)詞。

　　 same ?

　　 [誤] Yesterday I got a postcard. It is the same that you got the day before yesterday.?

　　 [正] Yesterday I got a postcard. It is the same as you got the day before yesterday.?

　　 [析] the same that意為即是,而the same as才能譯為像一樣的。?

　　 [誤] Your book is not same as mine.?

　　 [正] Your book is not the same as mine.?

　　 [析] the same as中的定冠詞不能少。

　　 say ?

　　 [誤] His report wrote she is nineteen.?

　　 [正] His report says she is nineteen.?

　　 [析] 中文中常講報(bào)告上寫(xiě)到、信上寫(xiě)到,這樣的寫(xiě)在英文中要用say.?

　　 say speak talk tell

　　 ?

　　 英文中說(shuō)一般有四個(gè)詞,其中say和tell為及物動(dòng)詞。tell可以加雙賓語(yǔ),如Please tell me a story. 而speak與talk為不及物動(dòng)詞。speak只有后面直接加語(yǔ)言時(shí)才是及物的,如: Please speak English. 請(qǐng)看下句: He went on talking for a long time, but he spoke so fast that few of us could catch what he said.?

　　 sea ?

　　 [誤] As a boy his great ambition(抱負(fù)) was to go to the sea.?

　　 [正] As a boy his great ambition was to go to sea.?

　　 [析] go to sea為去當(dāng)水手、海員而go to the sea=go to the seaside, 如: He want to go to the sea for his vacation.?

　　 在海中游泳為in the sea; at sea為在海上航行,如: I have a brother at sea. by sea為坐船、由海路運(yùn)輸,如: We travelled to New York by sea.?

　　 second ?

　　 [誤] I want to learn the second foreign language.?

　　 [正] I want to learn a second foreign language.?

　　 [析] 當(dāng)作為第二外語(yǔ),再增加一個(gè)時(shí),不要用the second而要用a second. the second強(qiáng)調(diào)排隊(duì)的次序,a second強(qiáng)調(diào)再增加一個(gè)。?

　　 see ?

　　 [誤] He was seen leave the room.?

　　 [正] He was seen to leave the room.?

　　 [析] see作主動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)用作to see somebody do something, 而用作被動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)則是somebody to be seen to do something. 要注意慣用法let me see(讓我想想)。?

　　 sheep ?

　　 [誤] There are five sheeps on the grass.?

　　 [正] There are five sheep on the grass.?

　　 [析] sheep是單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞,其他的還有: deer(鹿),fish(魚(yú))等。?

　　 ship ?

　　 [誤] I travelled on a yacht.?

　　 [正] I travelled on a ship (in a yacht).?

　　 [析] 雖然都是船,但游艇(yacht)要用in, 而ship要用on.?

　　 sick ?

　　 [誤] The little boy was a ill boy.?

　　 [正] The little boy was a sick boy.?

　　 [析] sick與ill作表語(yǔ)時(shí)都表示有病之意,如: He feels ill. 或He feels sick. 都對(duì),但作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則只能用sick.?

　　 since ?

　　 [誤] He is living in Greece since 1978.?

　　 [正] He has lived in Greece since 1978.?

　　 [正] He has been living in Greece since 1978.?

　　 [析]

　　 由since引出的狀語(yǔ)從句意為自從某時(shí)一直如何,主句要用完成時(shí)或完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 ?

　　 [誤] She has been quite different since came back from America.?

　　 [正] She has been quite different since coming back from America.?

　　 [析] 分詞短語(yǔ)可以用在after, before, since等介詞后面。?

　　 sleep ?

　　 [誤] The boy was very asleep.?

　　 [正] The boy was fast asleep.?

　　 [析] 熟睡在英文中為fast asleep. 非正式英語(yǔ)中一般不常用He's sleeping. 而常講He's asleep. 其形容詞sleepy是困倦的,如: I shall go to bed now. I'm so sleepy. 臥鋪英國(guó)人講sleeping car,而美國(guó)人講sleeper.?

　　 slow ?

　　 [誤] Slow the door opened.?

　　 [正] Slowly the door opened.?

　　 [析] slow與slowly的用法與意思相同,在口語(yǔ)中和路標(biāo)中多用slow,如: Tell him to drive slower. Slow, dangerous bend. 但是如果用在動(dòng)詞前還是要用slowly.?

　　 smile ?

　　 [誤] She smiled to me.?

　　 [正] She smiled at me.?

　　 [析] 沖著某人笑應(yīng)為to smile at somebody.?

　　 so ?

　　 [誤] It is such beautiful a book that every child likes it.?

　　 [正] It is such a beautiful book that every child likes it.?

　　 [正] It is so beautiful a book that every child likes it.?

　　 [析] 關(guān)于so與such用法的區(qū)別有四種情況: ① 用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前,其格式為such+不定冠詞+形容詞+名詞,而so+形容詞+不定冠詞。② 用于可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞前,只能用 such,如: It is such good weather that we want to go for a walk. They are such good students that they can pass the exam easily. ③ 在只有形容詞時(shí)只能用so,如: It is so good that I like it very much.④ 在many, much, few, little這四個(gè)詞前只能用so而不能用such。如: I have so little money that I can't buy the dictionary.?

　　 [誤] He got up early so as he could catch the first bus.?

　　 [正] He got up early so as to catch the first bus.?

　　 [正] He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.?

　　 [正] He got up so early that he could catch the first bus.?

　　 some

　　 ?

　　 [誤] Do you have some lessone to prepare??

　　 [正] Do you have any lessons to prepare??

　　 [析] 在疑問(wèn)句或否定句中要用any; some多用在肯定句中,如: I have some money to buy it.?

　　 在請(qǐng)求,或真心希望得到肯定答復(fù)時(shí),在疑問(wèn)句中也要用some,如: Would you like something to drink?即真心實(shí)意希望為對(duì)方提供飲料。又如: Could you lend me some money?即真心想要借到錢(qián)。?

　　 sometime ?

　　 [誤] I have sometime thought that I should like to live in the country.?

　　 [正] I have sometimes thought that I should like to live in the country.?

　　 sometime sometimes some times sometime ?

　　 sometime為某個(gè)時(shí)候、總有一天,如: We'll meet again sometime next year. 或過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻,如: I saw her sometime in July. sometimes為有時(shí)候、時(shí)常、常常,如: Every man is a fool sometimes, and none at all times. Some times為若干次,如: I visited America some times. May be five or seven times. I am not sure. Some time則是一段時(shí)間、一些時(shí)候,如: I want to leave some time.?

　　 soon ?

　　 [誤] The room as soon as became crowded.?

　　 [正] The room soon became crowded.?

　　 [析] soon為不久、很快,如: I'll be there very soon. 而as soon as意為一就,如: As soon as I finished my homework I went out to play football.?

　　 sound ?

　　 [誤] The report sounds well.?

　　 [正] The report sounds good.?

　　 [析] sound作動(dòng)詞時(shí)其后接形容詞而不接副詞,如: How sweet the music sounds!?

　　 sport ?

　　 [誤] Are you going to run in the school sprot??

　　 [正] Are you going to run in the school sprots??

　　 [析] sport用作可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)指具體的某項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng),如: Basketball is an indoor sport. 而在泛指運(yùn)動(dòng)或運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)時(shí)要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式sports.?

　　 spring ?

　　 [誤] I'll visit America in this spring.?

　　 [正] I'll visit America in spring.?

　　 [正] I'll visit America this spring.?

　　 [析] 英語(yǔ)一年四季前如果有that, this, last, next等詞,則其前面不要再加介詞。這樣的用法還有周、月、年等。請(qǐng)看下面句子中的用法有何不同: He told me that she did it on the next day. 這時(shí)是指過(guò)去某一天的第二天,所以才有這種用法。如果以現(xiàn)在為時(shí)間基點(diǎn)的第二天應(yīng)為I'll do it next day.?

　　 start ?

　　 [誤] What time will you start to San Francisco??

　　 [正] What time will you start for San Francisco??

　　 [析] start與leave一樣,其后接for+目的地。?

　　 begin start ?

　　 begin與start在很多場(chǎng)合下是一樣的意思,如: We started/began to study English two years ago. 但在如下場(chǎng)合則不能用begin: ① 作為啟程講,如: I think we ought to start at six. ② 表示開(kāi)始工作,如: The car won't start. (車(chē)子發(fā)動(dòng)不起來(lái)。) ③ 作為開(kāi)動(dòng)、啟動(dòng)講,如: Do you know how to start this machine.?

　　 still ?

　　 [誤] Oh, it is still raining now.?

　　 [正] Oh, it is still raining.?

　　 [析] 因still即包含有現(xiàn)在仍然如何,所以now是多余詞。?

　　 still yet already ?

　　 still一般與動(dòng)詞連用,可放于句子中間用以說(shuō)明過(guò)去開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在仍然在繼續(xù),特別用來(lái)表示我們希望它早點(diǎn)停止。如: I've been thinking for hours, but I still can't decide. yet一般放于句末,用在疑問(wèn)句與否定句中。如: Has the postman come yet? already則與動(dòng)詞連用,可放于句中表示某事的發(fā)生比預(yù)期的要早,如: I've already finished my homework.?

　　 stop ?

　　 [誤] When the teacher came into the classroom the students stopped to talk.?

　　 [正] When the teacher came into the classroom the students stopped talking.?

　　 [析] stop to do something是停下來(lái)去做某事,而stop doing something是停止做某事。?

　　 street ?

　　 [誤] There is a narrow winding street from our village to the next one.?

　　 [正] There is a narrow winding road from our village to the next one.?

　　 [析] street一般指城市中兩旁有建筑物的街道,而road多指鄉(xiāng)間的路。?

　　 strict ?

　　 [誤] You ought to be strict to him.?

　　 [正] You ought to be strict with him.?

　　 [析] be strict with是對(duì)嚴(yán)格的。?

　　 such ?

　　 [誤] Do you want to have such a dictionary??

　　 [正] Do you want to have such a good dictionary??

　　 [正] Do you want to have a dictionary like that??

　　 [析] such作加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣時(shí)一般是such+(冠詞)形容詞+名詞,如: It's such a good book. 但如果名詞前沒(méi)有形容詞則要看其名詞是否具有能顯示程度的含意,如: I've got such a headache. You are such fools!否則在such與名詞之間一定要有形容詞。?

　　 sure ?

　　 [誤] I am quite sure for that answer.?

　　 [正] I am quite sure of that answer.?

　　 [析] sure用于句中表示對(duì)事有確實(shí)把握時(shí)應(yīng)跟of或about,而不跟for,如: I'm sure about (of) his ability to control this machine.?

　　 sweet ?

　　 [誤] Honey tastes sweetly.?

　　 [正] Honey tastes sweet.?

　　 [析] sweet可以作為名詞,意為糖果,是可數(shù)名詞,如: May I have a sweet?作形容詞,如: The child looked very sweet. 而sweetly為副詞,意為甜美地、悅耳地。要注意taste為感觀動(dòng)詞,其后面要接形容詞而不是副詞。?

　　中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤一覽表18

　　 S

　　 ?

　　 safe

　　 [誤] The brave man safed the boy from drowning.?

　　 [正] The brave man saved the boy from drowning.?

　　 [析] safe是形容詞,如: They wished him a safe journey. safely是副詞,如: The young man drives his car safely. 而safety是名詞,如: safety island(安全島),Safety first!(安全第一!)但save是動(dòng)詞。

　　 same ?

　　 [誤] Yesterday I got a postcard. It is the same that you got the day before yesterday.?

　　 [正] Yesterday I got a postcard. It is the same as you got the day before yesterday.?

　　 [析] the same that意為即是,而the same as才能譯為像一樣的。?

　　 [誤] Your book is not same as mine.?

　　 [正] Your book is not the same as mine.?

　　 [析] the same as中的定冠詞不能少。

　　 say ?

　　 [誤] His report wrote she is nineteen.?

　　 [正] His report says she is nineteen.?

　　 [析] 中文中常講報(bào)告上寫(xiě)到、信上寫(xiě)到,這樣的寫(xiě)在英文中要用say.?

　　 say speak talk tell

　　 ?

　　 英文中說(shuō)一般有四個(gè)詞,其中say和tell為及物動(dòng)詞。tell可以加雙賓語(yǔ),如Please tell me a story. 而speak與talk為不及物動(dòng)詞。speak只有后面直接加語(yǔ)言時(shí)才是及物的,如: Please speak English. 請(qǐng)看下句: He went on talking for a long time, but he spoke so fast that few of us could catch what he said.?

　　 sea ?

　　 [誤] As a boy his great ambition(抱負(fù)) was to go to the sea.?

　　 [正] As a boy his great ambition was to go to sea.?

　　 [析] go to sea為去當(dāng)水手、海員而go to the sea=go to the seaside, 如: He want to go to the sea for his vacation.?

　　 在海中游泳為in the sea; at sea為在海上航行,如: I have a brother at sea. by sea為坐船、由海路運(yùn)輸,如: We travelled to New York by sea.?

　　 second ?

　　 [誤] I want to learn the second foreign language.?

　　 [正] I want to learn a second foreign language.?

　　 [析] 當(dāng)作為第二外語(yǔ),再增加一個(gè)時(shí),不要用the second而要用a second. the second強(qiáng)調(diào)排隊(duì)的次序,a second強(qiáng)調(diào)再增加一個(gè)。?

　　 see ?

　　 [誤] He was seen leave the room.?

　　 [正] He was seen to leave the room.?

　　 [析] see作主動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)用作to see somebody do something, 而用作被動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)則是somebody to be seen to do something. 要注意慣用法let me see(讓我想想)。?

　　 sheep ?

　　 [誤] There are five sheeps on the grass.?

　　 [正] There are five sheep on the grass.?

　　 [析] sheep是單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞,其他的還有: deer(鹿),fish(魚(yú))等。?

　　 ship ?

　　 [誤] I travelled on a yacht.?

　　 [正] I travelled on a ship (in a yacht).?

　　 [析] 雖然都是船,但游艇(yacht)要用in, 而ship要用on.?

　　 sick ?

　　 [誤] The little boy was a ill boy.?

　　 [正] The little boy was a sick boy.?

　　 [析] sick與ill作表語(yǔ)時(shí)都表示有病之意,如: He feels ill. 或He feels sick. 都對(duì),但作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則只能用sick.?

　　 since ?

　　 [誤] He is living in Greece since 1978.?

　　 [正] He has lived in Greece since 1978.?

　　 [正] He has been living in Greece since 1978.?

　　 [析]

　　 由since引出的狀語(yǔ)從句意為自從某時(shí)一直如何,主句要用完成時(shí)或完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 ?

　　 [誤] She has been quite different since came back from America.?

　　 [正] She has been quite different since coming back from America.?

　　 [析] 分詞短語(yǔ)可以用在after, before, since等介詞后面。?

　　 sleep ?

　　 [誤] The boy was very asleep.?

　　 [正] The boy was fast asleep.?

　　 [析] 熟睡在英文中為fast asleep. 非正式英語(yǔ)中一般不常用He's sleeping. 而常講He's asleep. 其形容詞sleepy是困倦的,如: I shall go to bed now. I'm so sleepy. 臥鋪英國(guó)人講sleeping car,而美國(guó)人講sleeper.?

　　 slow ?

　　 [誤] Slow the door opened.?

　　 [正] Slowly the door opened.?

　　 [析] slow與slowly的用法與意思相同,在口語(yǔ)中和路標(biāo)中多用slow,如: Tell him to drive slower. Slow, dangerous bend. 但是如果用在動(dòng)詞前還是要用slowly.?

　　 smile ?

　　 [誤] She smiled to me.?

　　 [正] She smiled at me.?

　　 [析] 沖著某人笑應(yīng)為to smile at somebody.?

　　 so ?

　　 [誤] It is such beautiful a book that every child likes it.?

　　 [正] It is such a beautiful book that every child likes it.?

　　 [正] It is so beautiful a book that every child likes it.?

　　 [析] 關(guān)于so與such用法的區(qū)別有四種情況: ① 用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前,其格式為such+不定冠詞+形容詞+名詞,而so+形容詞+不定冠詞。② 用于可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞前,只能用 such,如: It is such good weather that we want to go for a walk. They are such good students that they can pass the exam easily. ③ 在只有形容詞時(shí)只能用so,如: It is so good that I like it very much.④ 在many, much, few, little這四個(gè)詞前只能用so而不能用such。如: I have so little money that I can't buy the dictionary.?

　　 [誤] He got up early so as he could catch the first bus.?

　　 [正] He got up early so as to catch the first bus.?

　　 [正] He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.?

　　 [正] He got up so early that he could catch the first bus.?

　　 some

　　 ?

　　 [誤] Do you have some lessone to prepare??

　　 [正] Do you have any lessons to prepare??

　　 [析] 在疑問(wèn)句或否定句中要用any; some多用在肯定句中,如: I have some money to buy it.?

　　 在請(qǐng)求,或真心希望得到肯定答復(fù)時(shí),在疑問(wèn)句中也要用some,如: Would you like something to drink?即真心實(shí)意希望為對(duì)方提供飲料。又如: Could you lend me some money?即真心想要借到錢(qián)。?

　　 sometime ?

　　 [誤] I have sometime thought that I should like to live in the country.?

　　 [正] I have sometimes thought that I should like to live in the country.?

　　 sometime sometimes some times sometime ?

　　 sometime為某個(gè)時(shí)候、總有一天,如: We'll meet again sometime next year. 或過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻,如: I saw her sometime in July. sometimes為有時(shí)候、時(shí)常、常常,如: Every man is a fool sometimes, and none at all times. Some times為若干次,如: I visited America some times. May be five or seven times. I am not sure. Some time則是一段時(shí)間、一些時(shí)候,如: I want to leave some time.?

　　 soon ?

　　 [誤] The room as soon as became crowded.?

　　 [正] The room soon became crowded.?

　　 [析] soon為不久、很快,如: I'll be there very soon. 而as soon as意為一就,如: As soon as I finished my homework I went out to play football.?

　　 sound ?

　　 [誤] The report sounds well.?

　　 [正] The report sounds good.?

　　 [析] sound作動(dòng)詞時(shí)其后接形容詞而不接副詞,如: How sweet the music sounds!?

　　 sport ?

　　 [誤] Are you going to run in the school sprot??

　　 [正] Are you going to run in the school sprots??

　　 [析] sport用作可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)指具體的某項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng),如: Basketball is an indoor sport. 而在泛指運(yùn)動(dòng)或運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)時(shí)要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式sports.?

　　 spring ?

　　 [誤] I'll visit America in this spring.?

　　 [正] I'll visit America in spring.?

　　 [正] I'll visit America this spring.?

　　 [析] 英語(yǔ)一年四季前如果有that, this, last, next等詞,則其前面不要再加介詞。這樣的用法還有周、月、年等。請(qǐng)看下面句子中的用法有何不同: He told me that she did it on the next day. 這時(shí)是指過(guò)去某一天的第二天,所以才有這種用法。如果以現(xiàn)在為時(shí)間基點(diǎn)的第二天應(yīng)為I'll do it next day.?

　　 start ?

　　 [誤] What time will you start to San Francisco??

　　 [正] What time will you start for San Francisco??

　　 [析] start與leave一樣,其后接for+目的地。?

　　 begin start ?

　　 begin與start在很多場(chǎng)合下是一樣的意思,如: We started/began to study English two years ago. 但在如下場(chǎng)合則不能用begin: ① 作為啟程講,如: I think we ought to start at six. ② 表示開(kāi)始工作,如: The car won't start. (車(chē)子發(fā)動(dòng)不起來(lái)。) ③ 作為開(kāi)動(dòng)、啟動(dòng)講,如: Do you know how to start this machine.?

　　 still ?

　　 [誤] Oh, it is still raining now.?

　　 [正] Oh, it is still raining.?

　　 [析] 因still即包含有現(xiàn)在仍然如何,所以now是多余詞。?

　　 still yet already ?

　　 still一般與動(dòng)詞連用,可放于句子中間用以說(shuō)明過(guò)去開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在仍然在繼續(xù),特別用來(lái)表示我們希望它早點(diǎn)停止。如: I've been thinking for hours, but I still can't decide. yet一般放于句末,用在疑問(wèn)句與否定句中。如: Has the postman come yet? already則與動(dòng)詞連用,可放于句中表示某事的發(fā)生比預(yù)期的要早,如: I've already finished my homework.?

　　 stop ?

　　 [誤] When the teacher came into the classroom the students stopped to talk.?

　　 [正] When the teacher came into the classroom the students stopped talking.?

　　 [析] stop to do something是停下來(lái)去做某事,而stop doing something是停止做某事。?

　　 street ?

　　 [誤] There is a narrow winding street from our village to the next one.?

　　 [正] There is a narrow winding road from our village to the next one.?

　　 [析] street一般指城市中兩旁有建筑物的街道,而road多指鄉(xiāng)間的路。?

　　 strict ?

　　 [誤] You ought to be strict to him.?

　　 [正] You ought to be strict with him.?

　　 [析] be strict with是對(duì)嚴(yán)格的。?

　　 such ?

　　 [誤] Do you want to have such a dictionary??

　　 [正] Do you want to have such a good dictionary??

　　 [正] Do you want to have a dictionary like that??

　　 [析] such作加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣時(shí)一般是such+(冠詞)形容詞+名詞,如: It's such a good book. 但如果名詞前沒(méi)有形容詞則要看其名詞是否具有能顯示程度的含意,如: I've got such a headache. You are such fools!否則在such與名詞之間一定要有形容詞。?

　　 sure ?

　　 [誤] I am quite sure for that answer.?

　　 [正] I am quite sure of that answer.?

　　 [析] sure用于句中表示對(duì)事有確實(shí)把握時(shí)應(yīng)跟of或about,而不跟for,如: I'm sure about (of) his ability to control this machine.?

　　 sweet ?

　　 [誤] Honey tastes sweetly.?

　　 [正] Honey tastes sweet.?

　　 [析] sweet可以作為名詞,意為糖果,是可數(shù)名詞,如: May I have a sweet?作形容詞,如: The child looked very sweet. 而sweetly為副詞,意為甜美地、悅耳地。要注意taste為感觀動(dòng)詞,其后面要接形容詞而不是副詞。?