符號百科：細說雅思寫作中的那些標點符號
問號
感嘆號
逗點
冒號
分號
連字符
連接號
破折號
括號中括號大括號{})
引號
縮寫及所有格符號
符號全點破
一、.句點
1.句點用于當一句話完全結束時。
2.句點也可以用于英文單詞的縮寫，如 Mrs., Dr., P.S. 等。但要注意的是當縮寫的字母形成了一個單詞的時候就不要使用句點。如 IBM, DNA 等。
二、?問號
問號要用在一個直接的問句，而不是間接的。
如 How will you solve the problem? 是正確的用法，但用在 I wonder how you will solve the problem?就不對了，應該使用句點而不是問號。另外，在客氣的用語中，也是用句點而不是問號.如Will you please give me a call tomorrow.
三、! 感嘆號
感嘆號用于感嘆和驚嘆的陳述中，在商業寫作中要注意感嘆號的應用，因為不恰當的使用
會顯得突兀及不穩重。
四、;分號
1.與中文一樣，分號用于分隔地位平等的獨立子句。在某些情況下，使用分號比使用句點更顯出子句之間的緊密聯系，另外分號也經常與連接副詞 thus, however, therefore一起使用。如 I realize I need exercise; however, Ill lie down first to think about it.
2.在句子中如果已經使用過逗點，為了避免歧義的產生，就用分號來分隔相似的內容。如The employees were Tom Hanks, the manager; Jim White, the engineer; and Dr. Jack
需要注意的是：一個完整的句子以大寫字母開始，以句點結束。寫英文時用逗點代替句點、分號、冒號或破折號叫逗號錯，這正是中國學生所要避免的。請比較下列例句：
誤：It was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.
正：It was raining hard; they could not work in the fields.
It was raining hard. They could not work in the fields.
It was raining so hard that they could not work in the fields.
They could not work in the fields because it was raining hard.
It was raining hard, so they could not work in the fields.
As it was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.
誤：The essay is poorly organized, there is no central idea.
正：The essay is poorly organized; there is no central idea.
The essay is poorly organized: there is no central idea.
五、：冒號
1.冒號用于對后面內容的介紹或解釋，如 This is her plan: go shopping.
2.冒號用于名單之前，特別是一個豎排的名單。
We transferred three employees to new branches:
Tony Wang to New York City
Mike Jackson to Tokyo
Mark Foster to Paris
當名單橫排的時候，冒號要用在一個完整的句子之后，如 We need seven people: three students, three engineers, and a professor.
3.冒號用于一個正式的引用之前。如 The professor said: It was horrible.
4.冒號也可用于商業或正式信函的稱謂后面，如 Dear Mr. Lee
美國英語中，信件或演說詞的稱呼語之后用冒號，而在英國英語中多用逗號。)
5.冒號用于數字時間的表示，如16:45 或 4:45 p.m.
6.冒號用于主標題和副標題之間，如 Web Directory: World and Non-U.S. Economic Data
六、，逗點
1.逗點用于分隔一系列的簡單內容，如 I will go to Shanghai, Beijing, and Shenzhen.
2.逗點用于修飾名詞的多個形容詞之間，如 a small, fancy bike
3.逗點用于連接兩個較長的獨立子句，而且每個句子的主語不同，如 The Grizzlies were out of timeouts, and Miller missed a desperation 3-pointer as time expired.
4.逗點用于關聯的子句之間，如 Since hes your younger brother, please take care of him.
5.逗點用于一個較長的修飾短語之后，如 In the middle of the coldest winter on record, the pipes froze.
6.逗點用于直接引用的句子之前，如 Mary said, Lets go fishing.，這里說的和上面提及的冒號在直接引語中的使用不一樣。如果是引用比較正式的發言講話就要用冒號，一般情況下就用逗點。
下面列出一些次常用的標點:
七、連字號Hyphen
1.連字號主要用于某些前綴 后和構成復合詞。如: ex-husband,brand-new,poorly-dressed I have forty-thousand or fifty-thousand dollars.
I want to obtain the whole-year or half-year lease of the apartment.
當兩個或兩個以上復合詞并用, 而各復合詞連字號后的部分相同時, 各復合詞的相同部分只出現一次,應改為the whole-or half-year lease.
2.用于區分同一詞源
3.當某復合詞中出現重復的字母或過多的元音, 使閱讀困難時, 可用連字號把前綴和詞根分開。non-nuclear, re-use, semi-independent
4.構成某些復合數字twenty-one during the years 1949-1999 有時, 用作名詞的分數可以不用連字號, 但所有用作形容詞的分詞均須加連字號。如: one fourth of those surveyed
5.用于一個詞的一部分要移行, 一般按音節間斷開單詞加連字號,或根據發音,不要把單個字母留在行尾或行首。注意一頁中最后一個單詞不能使用連字號將其置于兩頁。
八、圓括弧Parenthesis )
1.標出表順序的數字和字母 、 等)
2.用來表示其中插入的或附加的解釋成分。這個插入成分可以是單詞、詞組或句子.但要注意,括號會削弱強調作用,因此,如果要強調插入的句子成份,則要用破折號。They might take a walk together and see the neighborhood with
fresh , new eyes.
九、引號Quotation Marks
引號分單引號 和雙引號 。單引號
只用在一個直接引語中所含有的另一個直接引語上。
1.表示直接引語。當直接引語超過四行或多于40 個字詞時, 一般不用引號而改用黑體字以便與文章的其它部分界線清晰Well, the foreigner said to him , you look like an engineer. 句號和逗號必須置于引號 之內。
He told the gunman ,I refuse to do that his knees , however , were
shaking even as he said those words.
She called this schedule of activities her load ：work , study , exercise
, recreation , and sleep.
冒號與分號必置于引號外。
The teacher asked , Could you understand me?
Did the teacher ask ,Have they gone?
Did the teacher ask ,They have gone ?
The frightened girl screamed ,Help!
The fellow only said ,Sorry !
He interrupted me , Now , listenand went on saying.
問號、感嘆號和破折號有時置于引號之內, 有時置于外號之外。如果所引內容本身是疑問
句或感嘆句或帶有破折號, 問號、感嘆號或破折號一般放在引號之內。否則,放在引號之外
2. 標明短篇出版物的標題, 諸如雜志、報紙上的文章、短詩、短篇故事和整部書的某一章
節。
Have you readThe Old Man and the Sea?
Chapter three is entitledThe Internet .
3.表示所用的詞語具有特殊意義。另外,當俚語出現在較正式的文章中, 也用引號引起來,
以表示文風的有意轉變。
The report contained thefactsof the case.
The speaker owns afat farmin California , which slims down rich
overeaters for $2 , 500 a week.
4. 用于表示引起讀者注意的詞語, 或讀者不熟悉的特殊詞語。
It is customary to sayYou are welcome whenever anyone saysThank you.
SOSis a message for help from a ship or aircraft when in danger.
十、省略號Ell ipsis
此省略號無論出現在句首、句中、還是句尾,都是表示單詞的省略。
1. 表示直接引語中的省略
Max wrote ,...in one word ,manps consciousness , changes with every change
in the conditions of his material existence....
句后的省略號和句號的寫法應是在一條直線上的四個黑點。前三個黑點表示省略號,后一個
黑點表句號。
2. 表示說話中的猶豫或遲疑
If that the way you think...just go back to school ,he said.
3. 表示段落或整行詞句的省略, 須使用一整行黑點。
十一、撇號或省字號Apostrophe
1.構成名詞所有格
rest my son s
a moments books
A three weeks pay
2.表示詞、字母、數碼、符號等的復數形式
Dont use so many ands in the sentence.
How many 5s have you got?
這與一般單詞的復數形式不同, 正規的寫法須在s 前加, 要牢記規則。
3.除表動詞的緊縮形式外, 還表一個或幾個字母和數字的省略。
Ive got it. Yes ,ma am ,the waiter said.
注意：有相當大一部分省略詞是口語中的用法，不宜出現在書面語中。例如：Id like
to
問號
感嘆號
逗點
冒號
分號
連字符
連接號
破折號
括號中括號大括號{})
引號
縮寫及所有格符號
符號全點破
一、.句點
1.句點用于當一句話完全結束時。
2.句點也可以用于英文單詞的縮寫，如 Mrs., Dr., P.S. 等。但要注意的是當縮寫的字母形成了一個單詞的時候就不要使用句點。如 IBM, DNA 等。
二、?問號
問號要用在一個直接的問句，而不是間接的。
如 How will you solve the problem? 是正確的用法，但用在 I wonder how you will solve the problem?就不對了，應該使用句點而不是問號。另外，在客氣的用語中，也是用句點而不是問號.如Will you please give me a call tomorrow.
三、! 感嘆號
感嘆號用于感嘆和驚嘆的陳述中，在商業寫作中要注意感嘆號的應用，因為不恰當的使用
會顯得突兀及不穩重。
四、;分號
1.與中文一樣，分號用于分隔地位平等的獨立子句。在某些情況下，使用分號比使用句點更顯出子句之間的緊密聯系，另外分號也經常與連接副詞 thus, however, therefore一起使用。如 I realize I need exercise; however, Ill lie down first to think about it.
2.在句子中如果已經使用過逗點，為了避免歧義的產生，就用分號來分隔相似的內容。如The employees were Tom Hanks, the manager; Jim White, the engineer; and Dr. Jack
需要注意的是：一個完整的句子以大寫字母開始，以句點結束。寫英文時用逗點代替句點、分號、冒號或破折號叫逗號錯，這正是中國學生所要避免的。請比較下列例句：
誤：It was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.
正：It was raining hard; they could not work in the fields.
It was raining hard. They could not work in the fields.
It was raining so hard that they could not work in the fields.
They could not work in the fields because it was raining hard.
It was raining hard, so they could not work in the fields.
As it was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.
誤：The essay is poorly organized, there is no central idea.
正：The essay is poorly organized; there is no central idea.
The essay is poorly organized: there is no central idea.
五、：冒號
1.冒號用于對后面內容的介紹或解釋，如 This is her plan: go shopping.
2.冒號用于名單之前，特別是一個豎排的名單。
We transferred three employees to new branches:
Tony Wang to New York City
Mike Jackson to Tokyo
Mark Foster to Paris
當名單橫排的時候，冒號要用在一個完整的句子之后，如 We need seven people: three students, three engineers, and a professor.
3.冒號用于一個正式的引用之前。如 The professor said: It was horrible.
4.冒號也可用于商業或正式信函的稱謂后面，如 Dear Mr. Lee
美國英語中，信件或演說詞的稱呼語之后用冒號，而在英國英語中多用逗號。)5.冒號用于數字時間的表示，如16:45 或 4:45 p.m.
6.冒號用于主標題和副標題之間，如 Web Directory: World and Non-U.S. Economic Data
六、，逗點
1.逗點用于分隔一系列的簡單內容，如 I will go to Shanghai, Beijing, and Shenzhen.
2.逗點用于修飾名詞的多個形容詞之間，如 a small, fancy bike
3.逗點用于連接兩個較長的獨立子句，而且每個句子的主語不同，如 The Grizzlies were out of timeouts, and Miller missed a desperation 3-pointer as time expired.
4.逗點用于關聯的子句之間，如 Since hes your younger brother, please take care of him.
5.逗點用于一個較長的修飾短語之后，如 In the middle of the coldest winter on record, the pipes froze.
6.逗點用于直接引用的句子之前，如 Mary said, Lets go fishing.，這里說的和上面提及的冒號在直接引語中的使用不一樣。如果是引用比較正式的發言講話就要用冒號，一般情況下就用逗點。
下面列出一些次常用的標點:
七、連字號Hyphen
1.連字號主要用于某些前綴 后和構成復合詞。如: ex-husband,brand-new,poorly-dressed I have forty-thousand or fifty-thousand dollars.
I want to obtain the whole-year or half-year lease of the apartment.
當兩個或兩個以上復合詞并用, 而各復合詞連字號后的部分相同時, 各復合詞的相同部分只出現一次,應改為the whole-or half-year lease.
2.用于區分同一詞源
3.當某復合詞中出現重復的字母或過多的元音, 使閱讀困難時, 可用連字號把前綴和詞根分開。non-nuclear, re-use, semi-independent
4.構成某些復合數字twenty-one during the years 1949-1999 有時, 用作名詞的分數可以不用連字號, 但所有用作形容詞的分詞均須加連字號。如: one fourth of those surveyed
5.用于一個詞的一部分要移行, 一般按音節間斷開單詞加連字號,或根據發音,不要把單個字母留在行尾或行首。注意一頁中最后一個單詞不能使用連字號將其置于兩頁。
八、圓括弧Parenthesis )
1.標出表順序的數字和字母 、 等)
2.用來表示其中插入的或附加的解釋成分。這個插入成分可以是單詞、詞組或句子.但要注意,括號會削弱強調作用,因此,如果要強調插入的句子成份,則要用破折號。They might take a walk together and see the neighborhood with
fresh , new eyes.
九、引號Quotation Marks
引號分單引號 和雙引號 。單引號
只用在一個直接引語中所含有的另一個直接引語上。
1.表示直接引語。當直接引語超過四行或多于40 個字詞時, 一般不用引號而改用黑體字以便與文章的其它部分界線清晰Well, the foreigner said to him , you look like an engineer. 句號和逗號必須置于引號 之內。
He told the gunman ,I refuse to do that his knees , however , were
shaking even as he said those words.
She called this schedule of activities her load ：work , study , exercise
, recreation , and sleep.
冒號與分號必置于引號外。
The teacher asked , Could you understand me?
Did the teacher ask ,Have they gone?
Did the teacher ask ,They have gone ?
The frightened girl screamed ,Help!
The fellow only said ,Sorry !
He interrupted me , Now , listenand went on saying.
問號、感嘆號和破折號有時置于引號之內, 有時置于外號之外。如果所引內容本身是疑問
句或感嘆句或帶有破折號, 問號、感嘆號或破折號一般放在引號之內。否則,放在引號之外
2. 標明短篇出版物的標題, 諸如雜志、報紙上的文章、短詩、短篇故事和整部書的某一章
節。
Have you readThe Old Man and the Sea?
Chapter three is entitledThe Internet .
3.表示所用的詞語具有特殊意義。另外,當俚語出現在較正式的文章中, 也用引號引起來,
以表示文風的有意轉變。
The report contained thefactsof the case.
The speaker owns afat farmin California , which slims down rich
overeaters for $2 , 500 a week.
4. 用于表示引起讀者注意的詞語, 或讀者不熟悉的特殊詞語。
It is customary to sayYou are welcome whenever anyone saysThank you.
SOSis a message for help from a ship or aircraft when in danger.
十、省略號Ell ipsis
此省略號無論出現在句首、句中、還是句尾,都是表示單詞的省略。
1. 表示直接引語中的省略
Max wrote ,...in one word ,manps consciousness , changes with every change
in the conditions of his material existence....
句后的省略號和句號的寫法應是在一條直線上的四個黑點。前三個黑點表示省略號,后一個
黑點表句號。
2. 表示說話中的猶豫或遲疑
If that the way you think...just go back to school ,he said.
3. 表示段落或整行詞句的省略, 須使用一整行黑點。
十一、撇號或省字號Apostrophe
1.構成名詞所有格
rest my son s
a moments books
A three weeks pay
2.表示詞、字母、數碼、符號等的復數形式
Dont use so many ands in the sentence.
How many 5s have you got?
這與一般單詞的復數形式不同, 正規的寫法須在s 前加, 要牢記規則。
3.除表動詞的緊縮形式外, 還表一個或幾個字母和數字的省略。
Ive got it. Yes ,ma am ,the waiter said.
注意：有相當大一部分省略詞是口語中的用法，不宜出現在書面語中。例如：Id like
to
