12．who/why/how/whether/if/than引導的名詞性從句＋單數謂語。 How he got there is unknown. 不知道他是怎樣到那兒的。 13．Many a ＋單數名詞作主語，謂語用單數。 Many a student has attended the lecture.

　　很多學生已經聽了演講。 14．More than one ＋單數名詞作主語，謂語用單數。 More than one book was sent to the school for the poor kids.

　　很多書送去那個學校給那些可憐的孩子。 15．One and a half ＋復數名詞作主語，謂語用復數。 One and a half aspirins are left in the bottle.

　　瓶里還剩一片半的阿斯匹林。

　　【知識運用】填空題： 1. An expert, together with some assistants, __________ sent to help in that work. 2. This is one of the best novels that __________ appeared this year. 3. Do you know the boys who __________ over there? 4. Our family __________ a happy one and our family are friendly. 5. About 40 percent of the books here __________ worth reading.

　　答案： 1. was　2. have　3. are　4. is　5. are 1. Entering the room, the headmaster said, “Everyone ________ quiet, please.”

　　A. keep

　　B. keeps

　　C. is keeping

　　D. to keep 【分析】A　此題容易誤選B，因為主語 everyone通常被視為第三人稱單數，所以其后謂語用 keeps。但事實上，最佳答案應是A，注意句末的 please，它表明此直接引語為祈使句，只不過該祈使句帶上 everyone 這個主語。既然是祈使句，所以動詞用原形，即選A。 2. In fact, ________ one cause that leads to the problem.

　　A. cattle is

　　B. cattle are

　　C. cattles are

　　D. the cattles are 【分析】B　從表面上看，此題似乎應選A，其實，正確答案為B。cattle (牲畜，牛)為集合名詞，用作復數意義，但不用于復數形式(即不加復數詞尾-s)，若用作主語，謂語要用復數。 3. More than one student ________ read these novels, which ________ written by David.

　　A. has; was

　　B. have; were

　　C. has; were

　　D. have; was 【分析】C　此題容易誤選B，其實最佳答案為C。more than one student (不止一個學生) 從形式上看是單數，但從意義上卻是復數，它用作主語時，英語習慣上讓其謂語與該主語的形式(而不是意義)保持一致，即用單數謂語。至于第二空要用復數，因為which指的是novels，故謂語用were。 高效語法復習篇

　　第4節 名詞和主謂一致

　　名 詞

　　高考湖南卷在單選題中會考到主謂一致，這與名詞的用法有關；在完形填空一中會考查到4－5個名詞的辨析；在閱讀填空和閱讀簡答中還會考到名詞的變形，總分達到10分以上。

　　1. cause, reason, excuse We haven't know the reason for his being late.

　　我們不知道他遲到的原因。 A lighted cigarette was the cause of the fire.

　　未熄滅的煙頭是大火的起因。 Don't make up any excuse for your absence.

　　不要為缺席編造任何借口。 2. mistake, error, fault While learning, we will make many mistakes.

　　學習過程中，我們會犯很多錯誤。 He can't forget the errors of his youth.

　　他忘不了他年輕時犯的錯誤。 He always finds fault with others.

　　他老是找別人的茬。 3. sight, view, scene, scenery 【知識運用】填空題： 1. 結果沒有預料的好，但是他臉上的表情告訴我們他還是很高興。 The result was not as good as expected but the __________ on his face told us that he was still very happy. 2. Lee 在美國獲得博士學位后，面臨著是否回國的這樣的一個進退兩難的狀況。 Lee was faced with the __________ of whether or not to return to his country after he got the doctor's degree in America. 3. Clare提供獎金100美元給找到她手機的人。 Clare has offered a __________ of $100 to anyone who can find her lost cell phone. 4. 我不能說哪一種酒更好，這是個人口味的問題。 I can't say which wine is best — it's a(n) __________ of personal taste. 5. 每個學生都有免費試用圖書館里資源的機會。 Every student has free __________ to the library. 答案： 1. expression　 2. dilemma　 3. reward　 4. matter 5. access 1. The ________ so much alike that I can't tell which is which.

　　A. twin looks

　　B. twins look

　　C. twin look

　　D. twins looks

　　【分析】B　此題容易誤選C，誤認為 twin 的意思是“雙胞胎”，指兩個，表復數意義。其實，此題的正確答案為B，twin 的意思是“孿生子之一”或“雙胞胎之一”，英文解釋為 either of two children born of the same mother at the same time，即它指的是兩者中的一個，而不是兩個，要表示雙胞胎兩個，要用復數 twins。 2. Mr. Black, who is a ________， is now in love with Miss Smith, who is a ________. A. cooker; typewriter B. cook; typist C. cooker; typist D. cook; typewriter 【分析】B　此題正確答案為B，但容易誤選A，許多同學想當然地認為：cook 用作動詞，表示“煮飯”，所以 cooker 應是其相應的名詞，表示“煮飯的人”，即“廚師”；type 用作動詞，表示“打字”，所以 typewriter 應表示“打字員”。 主謂一致

　　1．“Either A or B＋謂語”結構，謂語取決于B。 Either the students or their teacher dislikes basketball. 老師和學生都不喜歡籃球。

　　注意：在一般疑問句中，謂語取決于A。 Do either the students or their teacher dislike basketball? 2．“Neither A nor B＋謂語”結構，謂語多取決于B。但現代英語也出現復數謂語，理由是neither A nor B是兩部分之和，為復數概念，故其后可用復數謂語。 Neither she nor I was / were fortunate enough to gain extra points. 她和我都不幸未能獲得附加分。 3．Neither of… 接單、復數謂語(通常視為單數，但在口語中，從表達的實際意義上亦可視為復數)。 None of… 接單、復數謂語。 Neither of them is / are right. 他們兩個都不正確。

　　4．“A ＋as well as/(together)with/along with/but/rather than ＋B＋謂語”結構，謂語取決于A。 All but Li Dong have passed the test. 除了李東所有人都通過了考試。 The mother with her 3 daughters is shopping there.

　　媽媽帶了三個女兒在逛街。 5．表示錢數、時間、長度、數學等概念名詞，其后通常用單數謂語。 20 kilometres is too much for them. 20公里是他們吃不消的。 1,000 dollars is a large sum of money.

　　1,000美元是一大筆錢。 10 years is a long time for kids.

　　對孩子來說10年是很長一段時間。(表示一個整體時間) 10 years have passed since I last saw him.

　　自從上次見到他以來已經過去10個年頭了。(表具體時間) 6．There be 結構中be的形式取決于靠近be的名詞，若是單數名詞，則be為is/was; 若是復數名詞，則be為are/were(即第1條中的“就近原則”)。 There is a desk, two chairs and three sofas in the room. 房間里有一張課桌，兩把椅子和三張沙發。 There are two chairs, a desk and three sofas in the room. 房間里有兩把椅子，一張課桌和三張沙發。 7．a group of…，a team of…后跟復數謂語、單數謂語皆可，跟復數謂語的理由是不止一個人，跟單數謂語的理由是將許多人視為“一組”、“一隊”這樣的一個單位體。 A group/team of students are /is cleaning the street. 一群學生在打掃街道。 8．像 school, class, family, team, group等這類群體名詞，其后謂語可能是單數形式，也可能是復數形式。通常視其為一個整體單位時，用單數謂語；視其為群體成員時，則用復數謂語。 The class are having a meeting. 這個班的學生在開會。 The class is not very big. 這個班不是大班。 The family is a big family and the family are going on a trip now.

　　這家庭是個大家庭，現在全家人都在旅游。 9．像police, clothes, trousers這類復數概念名詞，其后總是跟復數謂語。the wounded (傷員)后總是跟復數謂語。

　　The clothes are very beautiful.

　　這些衣服真漂亮。

　　The wounded have been sent to the nearest hospital.

　　傷員已經被送到最近的醫院去了。 10．像clothing, news, information, advice這類不可數名詞后應跟單數謂語，但它們前面有可數性短語修飾時，也可跟復數謂語。 His advice is reasonable.

　　他的建議很有道理。 Three pieces of news were announced on TV. 電視上播放了3條消息。 11．百分數of＋復數名詞＋復數謂語，百分數of＋單數名詞/不可數名詞＋單數謂語。分數后的謂語形式同百分數。 40 percent of the students are girls. 40%的學生是女生。 80 percent of the task has been finished. 完成了80%的工作。

　　12．who/why/how/whether/if/than引導的名詞性從句＋單數謂語。 How he got there is unknown. 不知道他是怎樣到那兒的。 13．Many a ＋單數名詞作主語，謂語用單數。 Many a student has attended the lecture.

　　很多學生已經聽了演講。 14．More than one ＋單數名詞作主語，謂語用單數。 More than one book was sent to the school for the poor kids.

　　很多書送去那個學校給那些可憐的孩子。 15．One and a half ＋復數名詞作主語，謂語用復數。 One and a half aspirins are left in the bottle.

　　瓶里還剩一片半的阿斯匹林。

　　【知識運用】填空題： 1. An expert, together with some assistants, __________ sent to help in that work. 2. This is one of the best novels that __________ appeared this year. 3. Do you know the boys who __________ over there? 4. Our family __________ a happy one and our family are friendly. 5. About 40 percent of the books here __________ worth reading.

　　答案： 1. was　2. have　3. are　4. is　5. are 1. Entering the room, the headmaster said, “Everyone ________ quiet, please.”

　　A. keep

　　B. keeps

　　C. is keeping

　　D. to keep 【分析】A　此題容易誤選B，因為主語 everyone通常被視為第三人稱單數，所以其后謂語用 keeps。但事實上，最佳答案應是A，注意句末的 please，它表明此直接引語為祈使句，只不過該祈使句帶上 everyone 這個主語。既然是祈使句，所以動詞用原形，即選A。 2. In fact, ________ one cause that leads to the problem.

　　A. cattle is

　　B. cattle are

　　C. cattles are

　　D. the cattles are 【分析】B　從表面上看，此題似乎應選A，其實，正確答案為B。cattle (牲畜，牛)為集合名詞，用作復數意義，但不用于復數形式(即不加復數詞尾-s)，若用作主語，謂語要用復數。 3. More than one student ________ read these novels, which ________ written by David.

　　A. has; was

　　B. have; were

　　C. has; were

　　D. have; was 【分析】C　此題容易誤選B，其實最佳答案為C。more than one student (不止一個學生) 從形式上看是單數，但從意義上卻是復數，它用作主語時，英語習慣上讓其謂語與該主語的形式(而不是意義)保持一致，即用單數謂語。至于第二空要用復數，因為which指的是novels，故謂語用were。 高效語法復習篇

　　第4節 名詞和主謂一致

　　名 詞

　　高考湖南卷在單選題中會考到主謂一致，這與名詞的用法有關；在完形填空一中會考查到4－5個名詞的辨析；在閱讀填空和閱讀簡答中還會考到名詞的變形，總分達到10分以上。

　　1. cause, reason, excuse We haven't know the reason for his being late.

　　我們不知道他遲到的原因。 A lighted cigarette was the cause of the fire.

　　未熄滅的煙頭是大火的起因。 Don't make up any excuse for your absence.

　　不要為缺席編造任何借口。 2. mistake, error, fault While learning, we will make many mistakes.

　　學習過程中，我們會犯很多錯誤。 He can't forget the errors of his youth.

　　他忘不了他年輕時犯的錯誤。 He always finds fault with others.

　　他老是找別人的茬。 3. sight, view, scene, scenery 【知識運用】填空題： 1. 結果沒有預料的好，但是他臉上的表情告訴我們他還是很高興。 The result was not as good as expected but the __________ on his face told us that he was still very happy. 2. Lee 在美國獲得博士學位后，面臨著是否回國的這樣的一個進退兩難的狀況。 Lee was faced with the __________ of whether or not to return to his country after he got the doctor's degree in America. 3. Clare提供獎金100美元給找到她手機的人。 Clare has offered a __________ of $100 to anyone who can find her lost cell phone. 4. 我不能說哪一種酒更好，這是個人口味的問題。 I can't say which wine is best — it's a(n) __________ of personal taste. 5. 每個學生都有免費試用圖書館里資源的機會。 Every student has free __________ to the library. 答案： 1. expression　 2. dilemma　 3. reward　 4. matter 5. access 1. The ________ so much alike that I can't tell which is which.

　　A. twin looks

　　B. twins look

　　C. twin look

　　D. twins looks

　　【分析】B　此題容易誤選C，誤認為 twin 的意思是“雙胞胎”，指兩個，表復數意義。其實，此題的正確答案為B，twin 的意思是“孿生子之一”或“雙胞胎之一”，英文解釋為 either of two children born of the same mother at the same time，即它指的是兩者中的一個，而不是兩個，要表示雙胞胎兩個，要用復數 twins。 2. Mr. Black, who is a ________， is now in love with Miss Smith, who is a ________. A. cooker; typewriter B. cook; typist C. cooker; typist D. cook; typewriter 【分析】B　此題正確答案為B，但容易誤選A，許多同學想當然地認為：cook 用作動詞，表示“煮飯”，所以 cooker 應是其相應的名詞，表示“煮飯的人”，即“廚師”；type 用作動詞，表示“打字”，所以 typewriter 應表示“打字員”。 主謂一致

　　1．“Either A or B＋謂語”結構，謂語取決于B。 Either the students or their teacher dislikes basketball. 老師和學生都不喜歡籃球。

　　注意：在一般疑問句中，謂語取決于A。 Do either the students or their teacher dislike basketball? 2．“Neither A nor B＋謂語”結構，謂語多取決于B。但現代英語也出現復數謂語，理由是neither A nor B是兩部分之和，為復數概念，故其后可用復數謂語。 Neither she nor I was / were fortunate enough to gain extra points. 她和我都不幸未能獲得附加分。 3．Neither of… 接單、復數謂語(通常視為單數，但在口語中，從表達的實際意義上亦可視為復數)。 None of… 接單、復數謂語。 Neither of them is / are right. 他們兩個都不正確。

　　4．“A ＋as well as/(together)with/along with/but/rather than ＋B＋謂語”結構，謂語取決于A。 All but Li Dong have passed the test. 除了李東所有人都通過了考試。 The mother with her 3 daughters is shopping there.

　　媽媽帶了三個女兒在逛街。 5．表示錢數、時間、長度、數學等概念名詞，其后通常用單數謂語。 20 kilometres is too much for them. 20公里是他們吃不消的。 1,000 dollars is a large sum of money.

　　1,000美元是一大筆錢。 10 years is a long time for kids.

　　對孩子來說10年是很長一段時間。(表示一個整體時間) 10 years have passed since I last saw him.

　　自從上次見到他以來已經過去10個年頭了。(表具體時間) 6．There be 結構中be的形式取決于靠近be的名詞，若是單數名詞，則be為is/was; 若是復數名詞，則be為are/were(即第1條中的“就近原則”)。 There is a desk, two chairs and three sofas in the room. 房間里有一張課桌，兩把椅子和三張沙發。 There are two chairs, a desk and three sofas in the room. 房間里有兩把椅子，一張課桌和三張沙發。 7．a group of…，a team of…后跟復數謂語、單數謂語皆可，跟復數謂語的理由是不止一個人，跟單數謂語的理由是將許多人視為“一組”、“一隊”這樣的一個單位體。 A group/team of students are /is cleaning the street. 一群學生在打掃街道。 8．像 school, class, family, team, group等這類群體名詞，其后謂語可能是單數形式，也可能是復數形式。通常視其為一個整體單位時，用單數謂語；視其為群體成員時，則用復數謂語。 The class are having a meeting. 這個班的學生在開會。 The class is not very big. 這個班不是大班。 The family is a big family and the family are going on a trip now.

　　這家庭是個大家庭，現在全家人都在旅游。 9．像police, clothes, trousers這類復數概念名詞，其后總是跟復數謂語。the wounded (傷員)后總是跟復數謂語。

　　The clothes are very beautiful.

　　這些衣服真漂亮。

　　The wounded have been sent to the nearest hospital.

　　傷員已經被送到最近的醫院去了。 10．像clothing, news, information, advice這類不可數名詞后應跟單數謂語，但它們前面有可數性短語修飾時，也可跟復數謂語。 His advice is reasonable.

　　他的建議很有道理。 Three pieces of news were announced on TV. 電視上播放了3條消息。 11．百分數of＋復數名詞＋復數謂語，百分數of＋單數名詞/不可數名詞＋單數謂語。分數后的謂語形式同百分數。 40 percent of the students are girls. 40%的學生是女生。 80 percent of the task has been finished. 完成了80%的工作。