2024年高考英語二輪復習講義閱讀理解訓練08：科普知識（答案）
2024高考英語二輪復習講義（閱讀理解）及訓練08：科普知識（答案）
小試牛刀---------閱讀理解
How to Save on Sightseeing New York City Attractions
With so many unique attractions, world-famous museums, theaters, and skyscrapers there is always plenty to do in New York． However, sightseeing, in New York City might not be the easiest or the cheapest experience．
This is why our team of real, life-long New Yorkers has created the New York Pass． If you want to discover the best of what this amazing city offers while still saving some time and money on your visit, the New York Pass is something you should be interested in．
How You Benefit from The New York Pass?
Free entry to over 50 attractions – Empire State Building, Statue of Liberty, Museum of Modern Art, Madison Square Garden Tour,． NBC Studio Tours, New York Aquarium．& many others．
Free 140-page guidebook in English, German & Spanish, containing hours of operation, maps and directions to every tourist attraction , shop and restaurant．
Line skipping privileges（特權）－As a New York Pass holder you are entitled (享有權利)to fast track entry to the New York City ‘s busiest attractions．
Over 650 worth of entrance fees－that’s how much it would cost if you visited all the attractions that New York Pass grants entrance to –wihtout using the New York Pass． That doesn’t even include the additional discounts you receive for having a NY Pass．
100% Risk Free, Money Back Guarantee－New York Pass insurance gives you extra comfort in case your travel plans change, offering refund on non-used Passes．
Plese Note:
You can visit as many attractions as you want－even more with the time saved with fast track entry ． You don't need to carry too much cash and the New York Pass keeps control on your spending．
New York Pass Prices;
Offer Ends : Fri
13 Feb 2009
Product Price
1 Day Adult Pass $75
1 Day Child Pass $55
2 Day Adult Pass $110
2 Day Child Pass $90
3 Day Adult Pass $140
$112
3 Day Child Pass $120
$96
7 Day Adult Pass $180
$144
7 Day Child Pass $140
$ 112
60．What is the main purpose of this passage?
A．To attract tourists to New York．
B．To describe how to use the New York Pass．
C．To introduc the New York Pass．
D．To explain why the New York Pass is created
61．What benefit can you get from the New York Pass
A．You can change your travel plans as you like,
B．You can get the free guidebook in four languages．
C．You don’t have to carry cash with you
D．You can visit the Statue of Liberty for free．
62．Jack and his two kids will visit New York for three days in January in 2009,how much should he pay for the New York Pass?
A． 304
B． 380
C．420
D．520
63．If the Empire State Building is too crowded, you can
A．get the refund from the New York Pass immediately
B．enter it before others by using the New York Pass
C．get more discounts and save more money
D．visit many other attractions as long as you want
參考答案
60---63、C DAB
****************************************************結束
【考點定位】
2024考綱解讀和近幾年考點分布
高考對說明文的考查多為科普說明文，它是閱讀理解重要內容，也是高考考查難點。科普類“閱讀理解”題愈來愈受到命題者的青睞?而科普類文章往往具有跨學科?行文邏輯性強等特點,要求考生能從文章的整體邏輯以及重要細節上全面把握?
【試題特點】
① 注重學科滲透,行文邏輯性強,內容抽象?
② 貼近學生的學習?生活實際,有利于激發學生的思維,對選拔優秀考生有一定的作用?
③ 能全面地考查學生的綜合閱讀能力和運用所學知識去分析?解決實際問題的能力?
(4)科學方法圖示判斷題
科普說明文常出現科學方法圖示判斷題，這種試題或以生物依賴關系為命題題點，要求考生判斷正確的生物依賴關系；或以工藝流程為命題題點，要求考生判斷正確的流程順序，或以生產方法為命題題點，要求考生判斷正確的生產方法；或以機械配制為命題題點，要求考生判斷正確的機械配制。解題時一定要認真閱讀分析原文對生物依賴關系、發明創造誕生過程和工藝流程過程的介紹，并且邊讀邊畫簡易草圖，以提高理解準確率。分析備選項時應對照原文介紹情況，找出各圖不同之處，以便最終做出正確判斷。
【考點pk】
名師考點透析
考點一、細節事實理解。
一篇文章必然是由許多具體的細節、具體的內容構成的，所有這些信息以某種順序（時間、空間、情感變化等）排列起來，來進一步解釋或闡釋主題，體現文章的主旨大意。
細節理解題目主要考查學生對文章具體事實和細節的理解能力，屬于表層理解題范疇，難度較小，但在整個閱讀理解題中所占比例最大，細節理解題多從文章的某個具體事實或細節出發來設計題目。
此類題通常根據文章具體內容來設問，也常使用下列方式來提問
1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?
2.Which of the following is not mentioned?
3.All of the following are true except...
4.According to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？
1.直接事實題
在解答這類問題時要求學生抓住題干文字信息，采用針對性方法進行閱讀，因為這類題的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如：
A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.
This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.
This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.
Q：Hoover Dam lies______ .
A.between Arizona and Nevada
B.in the Black Canyon
C.between New York and San Francisco
D.both A and B
【解析】由第二段的第一句話和最后一段的最后一句話可得出正確答案是D項。
2.間接事實題
解答此類題，需要結合上下文提供的語境和信息進行簡單的概括和判斷或者要進行簡單的計算。
Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.
Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years.However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.
“It’s really a hard job for me.I won’t enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，I’d love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.
Q：Which of the following is NOT true?
A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.
B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents
C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.
D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.
【解析】A、C和D項都可在原文找到答案，而B項原文所給的是：taken to Hongkong可判斷不是moved to Hongkong with her parents，因此選B。
3、數據推算。
If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time,you will save_______ .
二、此類題的設問方式
1.What would be the best title for the text?
2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?
3.What is the passage mainly about?
4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is__________.
考點三、推理推斷。
推理題要求考生根據文章提供的事實和線索進行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒有提到或者沒有明說的事實或者可能發生的事實。這類題旨在考查學生透過詞語的字面意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，屬于深層理解題。
此類題的設問常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等詞，這類題的設問方式主要有：
1.We can infer from the Passage that__________.
2.What can be inferred from the Passage?
3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?
4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________.
5.The author suggests in this paragraph that__________.
6.The writer implies that__________.
7.It can be inferred that__________.
8.It can be concluded from the Passage
that__________.
9.On the whole,we can conclude that__________.
10.From the text we can conclude that__________.
11.After reading the Passage
we may conclude that__________.
12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?
13.The author is inclined to think that__________.
14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that__________.
15.What’s the writer’s attitude/feeling towards...?
16.In the writer’s opinion,...
考點四、詞義、句義猜測。
詞義猜測閱讀理解題考查對文中關鍵詞語的理解。在閱讀理解題中，所考查的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據語境來判斷。
此類題的設問方式主要有
1.The word “...”in Line...means/can be replaced by...
2.As used in the passage,the phrase “...”suggests...
3.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “...” is/referred to...
4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to...猜詞是應用英語的重要能力，也是高考中常用的題型。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學會“順藤摸瓜”，通過構詞、語法、定義、同位、對比、因果、常識、上下文等線索確定詞義。
1.定義法。如:
Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.
句子給予annealing 以明確的定義，即 “退火”。
It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is,it will break easily.
從后面的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。
The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.
定語從句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的詞義為“牧人”。
2.同位法。如:
They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.
同位語部分a large building in old times 給出了 castle 的確切詞義，即“城堡”。
We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—this week.
兩個破折號之間的短語很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。
3.對比法。如:
She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
but一詞表轉折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一節上了一半才來”，因此反向推理，可得出她平時一向“準時”的結論。
4.構詞法(前綴、后綴、復合、派生等)。如:
Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred?
possibility 是 possible 的同根名詞,據此可以判斷定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。
5.因果法。如：
The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.
從后面的結果“永遠不能再運動”中，可以推測 permanent 的意思為“永遠的，永久”。
******************************************************結束
2024高考英語二輪復習講義（閱讀理解）及訓練08：科普知識（答案）
小試牛刀---------閱讀理解
How to Save on Sightseeing New York City Attractions
With so many unique attractions, world-famous museums, theaters, and skyscrapers there is always plenty to do in New York． However, sightseeing, in New York City might not be the easiest or the cheapest experience．
This is why our team of real, life-long New Yorkers has created the New York Pass． If you want to discover the best of what this amazing city offers while still saving some time and money on your visit, the New York Pass is something you should be interested in．
How You Benefit from The New York Pass?
Free entry to over 50 attractions – Empire State Building, Statue of Liberty, Museum of Modern Art, Madison Square Garden Tour,． NBC Studio Tours, New York Aquarium．& many others．
Free 140-page guidebook in English, German & Spanish, containing hours of operation, maps and directions to every tourist attraction , shop and restaurant．
Line skipping privileges（特權）－As a New York Pass holder you are entitled (享有權利)to fast track entry to the New York City ‘s busiest attractions．
Over 650 worth of entrance fees－that’s how much it would cost if you visited all the attractions that New York Pass grants entrance to –wihtout using the New York Pass． That doesn’t even include the additional discounts you receive for having a NY Pass．
100% Risk Free, Money Back Guarantee－New York Pass insurance gives you extra comfort in case your travel plans change, offering refund on non-used Passes．
Plese Note:
You can visit as many attractions as you want－even more with the time saved with fast track entry ． You don't need to carry too much cash and the New York Pass keeps control on your spending．
New York Pass Prices;
Offer Ends : Fri
13 Feb 2009
Product Price
1 Day Adult Pass $75
1 Day Child Pass $55
2 Day Adult Pass $110
2 Day Child Pass $90
3 Day Adult Pass $140
$112
3 Day Child Pass $120
$96
7 Day Adult Pass $180
$144
7 Day Child Pass $140
$ 112
60．What is the main purpose of this passage?
A．To attract tourists to New York．
B．To describe how to use the New York Pass．
C．To introduc the New York Pass．
D．To explain why the New York Pass is created
61．What benefit can you get from the New York Pass
A．You can change your travel plans as you like,
B．You can get the free guidebook in four languages．
C．You don’t have to carry cash with you
D．You can visit the Statue of Liberty for free．
62．Jack and his two kids will visit New York for three days in January in 2009,how much should he pay for the New York Pass?
A． 304
B． 380
C．420
D．520
63．If the Empire State Building is too crowded, you can
A．get the refund from the New York Pass immediately
B．enter it before others by using the New York Pass
C．get more discounts and save more money
D．visit many other attractions as long as you want
參考答案
60---63、C DAB
****************************************************結束
【考點定位】
2024考綱解讀和近幾年考點分布
高考對說明文的考查多為科普說明文，它是閱讀理解重要內容，也是高考考查難點。科普類“閱讀理解”題愈來愈受到命題者的青睞?而科普類文章往往具有跨學科?行文邏輯性強等特點,要求考生能從文章的整體邏輯以及重要細節上全面把握?
【試題特點】
① 注重學科滲透,行文邏輯性強,內容抽象?
② 貼近學生的學習?生活實際,有利于激發學生的思維,對選拔優秀考生有一定的作用?
③ 能全面地考查學生的綜合閱讀能力和運用所學知識去分析?解決實際問題的能力?
(4)科學方法圖示判斷題
科普說明文常出現科學方法圖示判斷題，這種試題或以生物依賴關系為命題題點，要求考生判斷正確的生物依賴關系；或以工藝流程為命題題點，要求考生判斷正確的流程順序，或以生產方法為命題題點，要求考生判斷正確的生產方法；或以機械配制為命題題點，要求考生判斷正確的機械配制。解題時一定要認真閱讀分析原文對生物依賴關系、發明創造誕生過程和工藝流程過程的介紹，并且邊讀邊畫簡易草圖，以提高理解準確率。分析備選項時應對照原文介紹情況，找出各圖不同之處，以便最終做出正確判斷。
【考點pk】
名師考點透析
考點一、細節事實理解。
一篇文章必然是由許多具體的細節、具體的內容構成的，所有這些信息以某種順序（時間、空間、情感變化等）排列起來，來進一步解釋或闡釋主題，體現文章的主旨大意。
細節理解題目主要考查學生對文章具體事實和細節的理解能力，屬于表層理解題范疇，難度較小，但在整個閱讀理解題中所占比例最大，細節理解題多從文章的某個具體事實或細節出發來設計題目。
此類題通常根據文章具體內容來設問，也常使用下列方式來提問
1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?
2.Which of the following is not mentioned?
3.All of the following are true except...
4.According to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？
1.直接事實題
在解答這類問題時要求學生抓住題干文字信息，采用針對性方法進行閱讀，因為這類題的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如：
A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.
This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.
This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.
Q：Hoover Dam lies______ .
A.between Arizona and Nevada
B.in the Black Canyon
C.between New York and San Francisco
D.both A and B
【解析】由第二段的第一句話和最后一段的最后一句話可得出正確答案是D項。
2.間接事實題
解答此類題，需要結合上下文提供的語境和信息進行簡單的概括和判斷或者要進行簡單的計算。
Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.
Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years.However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.
“It’s really a hard job for me.I won’t enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，I’d love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.
Q：Which of the following is NOT true?
A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.
B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents
C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.
D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.
【解析】A、C和D項都可在原文找到答案，而B項原文所給的是：taken to Hongkong可判斷不是moved to Hongkong with her parents，因此選B。
3、數據推算。
If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time,you will save_______ .
二、此類題的設問方式
1.What would be the best title for the text?
2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?
3.What is the passage mainly about?
4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is__________.
考點三、推理推斷。
推理題要求考生根據文章提供的事實和線索進行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒有提到或者沒有明說的事實或者可能發生的事實。這類題旨在考查學生透過詞語的字面意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，屬于深層理解題。
此類題的設問常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等詞，這類題的設問方式主要有：
1.We can infer from the Passage that__________.
2.What can be inferred from the Passage?
3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?
4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________.
5.The author suggests in this paragraph that__________.
6.The writer implies that__________.
7.It can be inferred that__________.
8.It can be concluded from the Passage
that__________.
9.On the whole,we can conclude that__________.
10.From the text we can conclude that__________.
11.After reading the Passage
we may conclude that__________.
12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?
13.The author is inclined to think that__________.
14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that__________.
15.What’s the writer’s attitude/feeling towards...?
16.In the writer’s opinion,...
考點四、詞義、句義猜測。
詞義猜測閱讀理解題考查對文中關鍵詞語的理解。在閱讀理解題中，所考查的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據語境來判斷。
此類題的設問方式主要有
1.The word “...”in Line...means/can be replaced by...
2.As used in the passage,the phrase “...”suggests...
3.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “...” is/referred to...
4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to...猜詞是應用英語的重要能力，也是高考中常用的題型。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學會“順藤摸瓜”，通過構詞、語法、定義、同位、對比、因果、常識、上下文等線索確定詞義。
1.定義法。如:
Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.
句子給予annealing 以明確的定義，即 “退火”。
It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is,it will break easily.
從后面的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。
The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.
定語從句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的詞義為“牧人”。
2.同位法。如:
They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.
同位語部分a large building in old times 給出了 castle 的確切詞義，即“城堡”。
We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—this week.
兩個破折號之間的短語很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。
3.對比法。如:
She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
but一詞表轉折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一節上了一半才來”，因此反向推理，可得出她平時一向“準時”的結論。
4.構詞法(前綴、后綴、復合、派生等)。如:
Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred?
possibility 是 possible 的同根名詞,據此可以判斷定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。
5.因果法。如：
The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.
從后面的結果“永遠不能再運動”中，可以推測 permanent 的意思為“永遠的，永久”。
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