選修八 Unit 4 高考提能練

　　閱讀理解·組塊專練——練速度

　　(限時：35分鐘)

　　Ⅰ.閱讀理解

　　A

　　(2024·甘肅省高三第一次診斷)When Shakespeare was twenty-one, he went to London, a very interesting place, to try his fortune.

　　There were the famous London Bridge and St. Pauls Cathedral, and palaces and markets and long streets full of shops.

　　Then, too, there were the daily crowds where could be seen people from all over the world. Knights, scholars and highwaymen (攔路強盜) or thieves who had been infamous for their clever robberies, passed by each other.

　　Here, also, were noblemen dressed in gold, from Italy, Spain and France; slaves from Spanish America, sea captains and ministers, soldiers and servants — all held by chances or interests within the gray walls which circled London, and whose gates gave welcome to as strange a crowd as could be found in the world.

　　Into this curious crowd came Shakespeare, quick to see and eager to learn. And before long all these strange sights were as familiar to him as the faces of his own town?s residents. Each one told its story to him so plainly that, as before he had learned the secrets of the fields and woods, so now he learned men and men?s interests that make up the great world.

　　And he learned these lessons so well that when he came to write his plays, he made such use of them as no writer ever made before or since; for it is the use of this knowledge of the world, combined with his own genius, that makes Shakespeare the greatest dramatist that has ever lived.

　　語篇解讀：本文主要講述了莎士比亞到倫敦后的經歷，他很快適應了那里的生活，并把自己所觀察到的事情融入自己的創作中。

　　1．What was London like in Shakespeares eyes when he first went there?

　　A．Dirty and small.　B．Strange and interesting.

　　C．Infamous and terrible.

　　D．Familiar and modern.

　　解析：選B　細節理解題。根據第一段中的“a very interesting place”和第五段中的“all these strange sights”可知，在Shakespeare的眼中，倫敦是一個有趣而陌生的城市，即B項正確。

　　2．Which of the following best describes Shakespeare?

　　A．Shakespeare got inspiration to write from his hometown, London.

　　B．Shakespeare was eager to make friends with the noblemen in London.

　　C．Shakespeare was good at observing and learning from the daily life.

　　D．Shakespeare became the greatest dramatist owing to his own genius.

　　解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據第五段可知，Shakespeare來到倫敦不久之后，通過觀察和學習了解了倫敦，并適應了那里的生活，由此可推斷出，Shakespeare擅長觀察日常生活并從中學習，故C項正確。

　　3．What does the underlined word “one” in Paragraph 5 refer to?

　　A．Crowd.

　　B．Sight.

　　C．Face.

　　D．Resident.

　　解析：選B　代詞指代題。畫線詞后的“as before he had learned the secrets of the fields and woods”的意思為“正如他以前所學到的田野和樹林的秘密那樣”，根據這句話可知，one 指的是像田野和樹林一樣的景象，故B項正確。

　　4．The passage probably comes from ________.

　　A．a poster

　　B．a textbook

　　C．an advertisement

　　D．an announcement

　　解析：選B　推理判斷題。本文主要講述了莎士比亞到倫敦的經歷，所以這篇文章最有可能出現在一本教材中，故B項正確。

　　B

　　(2024·昆明市第一中學高三第二次雙基檢測)Big cities and small historic towns top the list of most popular places to visit in the United States, according to the votes of the travel site, TripAdvisor. Here is a look at TripAdvisor’s Top 5 most popular travel destinations in America!

　　1．New York City

　　More than 50 million people visit New York City every year. The five boroughs— or districts of New York have some of the most easily recognized attractions in the world. Visitors on a budget can take a free boat from Manhattan to Staten Island for a great view of the Statue of Liberty and the Manhattan skyline.

　　2．Chicago, Illinoise

　　Amaricas third-largest city offers world-class museums, sporting events and iconic architecture — including Willis Tower, America?s tallest building. The Midwest city is also known for comedy. The Second City theater is where many famous comedians get their start.

　　3．Charleston, South Carolina

　　The coastal city has a very rich history. The Civil War began at its waterfront, at Fort Sumter, which visitors can explore. But present-day Charleston has a lot to offer, too. Conde Traveler voted it the number one U. S. city, for its beautiful architecture, food, and friendly people.

　　4．Las Vegas, Nevada

　　The desert city of Las Vegas is known around the world for its casinos and bright lights. Visitors stay at world-class hotels, eat at top chefs’ restaurants, and usually see a wonderful show or concert.

　　5．Seattle, Washington

　　Visitors to the West Coast city of Seattle will find iconic Space Needle, the worlds first Starbucks, and Pike Place Market, one of the oldest and most famous farmers markets in the country. The Space Needle was built in 1962 for the World’s Fair. Riding up to the top provides views of the nearby mountains.

　　語篇解讀：本文為社會生活類文章，主要介紹了由TripAdvisor根據票選排出了美國最受歡迎的五個城鎮。5．This top list is from the votes of ________.

　　A．the Internet B．phone calls

　　C．tourists interviews

　　D．text messages

　　解析：選A　細節理解題。根據第一段第一句話中的“ according to the votes of the travel site, TripAdvisor”可知排名是來自于網絡的票選結果。故選A項。

　　6．The underlined word “boroughs” in Paragraph 2 means ________.

　　A．states

　　B．islands

　　C．attractions

　　D．areas

　　解析：選D　詞義猜測題。根據該詞所在句的句子結構可知boroughs與district同義，意為“地區，區域”。故選D項。

　　7．Which city tops the first according to Conde Nast Travelers votes?

　　A．Seattle

　　B．New York City

　　C．Charleston

　　D．Chicago

　　解析：選C　細節理解題。根據第四段的Conde Traveler voted it the number one U. S. City可知選C。

　　8．What do we know about the Space Needle?

　　A．It is located in South Carolina.

　　B．It has a history of about 50 years.

　　C．It is the biggest Starbucks in the world.

　　D．It has some argiricultural products on sale.

　　解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據最后一段對Seattle的介紹可知，Space Needle位于Washington，故排除A；是第一家Starbucks而沒有說是最大的，故排除C；D選項應是對Pike Place Market的介紹，故應排除；建于1962年，距現在50年左右，故B項正確。

　　C

　　(2024·石家莊市教學質量檢測)Pilates, yoga and the running machine get all the attention when it comes to popular ways to stay healthy.

　　There is, however, a more humble exercise that might not be so attractive, but has all the benefits — walking.

　　Certified fitness professional Jolynn Jaekel explains, “What I love about walking is that anyone can do it at any age and any fitness level. Plus, it is good for your heart, your head and your wallet.”

　　A recent report details the health benefits of walking. The report found that walking regularly to fulfill the 150 minutes of moderate physical exercise every week, recommended by the UK?s chief medical officer, could save 37,000 lives each year. Scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California found that quick walking reduces the risk of heart disease more effectively than running. They observed participants aged between 18 and 80 over a six-year period and found that walking reduced the risk of heart disease by 9.3%, while running reduced it by 4.5%. And there is even more good news: 30 minutes of quick walking over five days could help you sleep easily, according to research by Oregon State University. The study by the university showed that walking helped participants sleep better and feel more alert during the day.

　　The sooner you get started, the sooner you’ll notice the differences in your mind and body. So, go out for your 30-minute walk in a nearby park or green space.

　　語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了健康生活方式中的最簡單有效的方式——步行。9．The underlined word “humble” in the first paragraph probably means “________”．

　　A．plainB．relaxing

　　C．popular

　　D．active

　　解析：選A　詞義猜測題。根據第一段可知，當提到保持健康的方式時首先可以想到普拉提、瑜伽和跑步機。然而，有一種不太引人注目的簡單運動卻讓人受益匪淺，那就是步行。由此可推知，畫線詞和“plain”意義相近。故A項正確。

　　10．What does Jolynn Jaekel think of walking?

　　A．Its loved by people of all ages.

　　B．Its much healthier than running.

　　C．Its a money-saving physical exercise.

　　D．Its becoming more and more popular.

　　解析：選C　細節理解題。根據第二段中的“What I love about walking ... your head and your wallet.”可知，步行對人的心臟和大腦都有好處并且可以省錢。故C項正確。

　　11．What did scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory find?

　　A．Walking helps people with sleep problems.

　　B．Walking contributes to curing heart disease.

　　C．Walking 150 minutes per week can save lives.

　　D．Walking is better than running in some cases.

　　解析：選D　細節理解題。根據第三段第三句中的“found that quick walking reduces the risk of heart disease more effectively than running”以及下文將步行和跑步從幾個方面進行的對比來看，前者優于后者。故D項正確。

　　12．In which section of a newspaper can we read this text?

　　A．Comment.

　　B．Lifestyle.

　　C．Education.

　　D．Science.

　　解析：選B　推理判斷題。縱觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了健康生活方式中的最簡單有效的方式——步行。由此可推知，可從報紙上介紹生活方式的版塊讀到該文章。故B項正確。

　　D

　　(2024·包頭市高三統一考試)Smartphones are really addictive and the more you use one, the worse it gets, a new study has revealed. Psychology lecturer, Dr Zaheer Hussain, who conducted the research, found that the more you use a smartphone, the higher your risk of becoming addicted.

　　He explained that higher

　　scores of narcissism — defined as excessive (過度的) interest or admiration of oneself and ones physical appearance — are the most common and obvious sign of the addiction.

　　An obsession (癡迷) with taking selfies and posting them on social media is one key indication.

　　The study found that 13 percent of 256 participants were addicts. The average age of those who took part in the online survey was 29.

　　As a result, the researchers say they believe it should be made compulsory that anyone selling smartphones should warn customers of their potentially addictive properties.

　　Dr Hussain said, “The study informs us about smartphone overuse and the impact on psychological well-being. We now use smartphones on a daily basis and for various tasks, so being aware of the psychological effects is very important. There are various smartphone apps such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Candy Crush, as well as Skype that make smartphone use psychologically more attractive and can lead to addiction.”

　　The study also revealed the average user spent 3.6 hours per day on the device, and when the participants were asked if they used their phone in banned areas, 35 percent answered yes.　

　　Social networking sites were the most popularly used apps — 87 percent, followed by instant messaging apps — 52 percent, and then news apps — 51 percent.

　　Relationships were also noted in the research as, despite 46.8 percent of participants speaking positively of improved social relations, nearly a quarter admitted their smartphones create communication issues within “real life”．

　　Professor James Elander, Head of the Centre for Psychological Research at the University of Derby, said, “This study is a very timely one with many potential impacts, and the findings show that users should be more aware of how they are using their smartphones and of the potential risks of excessive use.”　

　　語篇解讀：一項最新研究發現：智能手機會使人上癮，而且使用者的使用量越大，上癮的風險就越高。

　　13．What does the underlined word “narcissism” in the second paragraph mean?

　　A．Self-esteem.

　　B．Self-love.

　　C．Self-respect.

　　D．Self-trust.

　　解析：選B　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后的“... defined as excessive (過度的) interest or admiration of oneself and ones physical appearance ...”可知，對它下的定義是：對自我或個人外表的過度愛慕，所以B項“自戀”符合語境。

　　14．Whats the attitude of Professor James Elander towards the research according to the last paragraph?

　　A．Positive.

　　B．Negative.

　　C．Neutral.

　　D．Ambiguous.

　　解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中James Elander 教授說的話“This study is a very timely one with many potential impacts ...”中的timely“及時的”的提示可推知，他對于這項研究持積極的態度。

　　15．What can we learn from this passage?

　　A．People are easy to be addicted to smartphones and cant live a normal life.

　　B．Smartphone manufacturers should be responsible for the smartphone addiction.

　　C．The smartphone addiction has become a reality and people should take it seriously.

　　D．Smartphones shouldnt be used to download and use smartphone apps.

　　解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據文章中列舉的研究中的數字尤其是倒數第二段中的“... nearly a quarter admitted their smartphones create communication issues within real life’．”可知，手機上癮已成為社會生活中的一個現實；再結合第五段中的“... it should be made compulsory that anyone selling smartphones should warn customers ...”和最后一段中的“... should be more aware of how they are using their smartphones and of the potential risks of excessive use.”可知，人們應該認真對待手機上癮這件事。故選C項。

　　Ⅱ.閱讀七選五

　　(2024·山西四校聯考三)Do you have a spare room in your house? Do you like to share your driveway in front of your garage with others? __1__ Many people are benefiting from this new business of renting.

　　Perhaps the best-known example of a company in this field is Airbnb — an American web business which allows you to rent out your spare room to holidaymakers. It says it operates in 34,000 cities and it has 800,000 listings of rooms and apartments. __2__

　　A British company is doing something with parking spaces. JustPark’s founder, Anthony Eskinazi, says, “When I had the original idea, I spotted a driveway close to a sports stadium. It would have been so convenient if I could have just parked in that driveway rather than in a commercial car park.” __3__ Around 20,000 people have advertised their spaces on the website, and he says around half a million drivers use it.