閱讀理解精講精煉09

　　36.

　　Having good etiquette(禮節) at the workplace is very important to be a favorite in an office. However, it's observed that many people aren't aware of the workplace etiquette and this creates a very bad impression in the office. So it's important to know some workplace etiquette tips.

　　Among all the workplace etiquette guidelines，the most important is to be punctual to your office. Though going late due to an emergency is okay, habitual late comers are never appreciated in any organization. By arriving at your office on time, you show that you're aware of your responsibilities and have respect for the organization. In case you feel that you would be late, call the concerned authority and report the matter to him or her.

　　Also, a proper knowledge of the workplace email etiquette is a must. In the official emails, you need to mention the subject concisely(簡潔地），while at the same time include all the important details which are to be shared. You should use good and grammatically correct language while writing emails.

　　A knowledge of telephone etiquette in the workplace is very important as well. While talking on the telephone, be polite and listen to what they're saying carefully. Only then should you say what you feel. Speak in a voice which would be heard clearly at the other end.

　　The workplace guidelines are important even while you're dining or celebrating with your co-workers. If you get a call in between, receive it after you're permitted by the others by saying "excuse me". Don't talk loudly while eating. Greet people well and try to make them feel comfortable while being in your company.

　　These guidelines will help you become the best employee of a company. All the best!

　　56. The intended readers of the passage are_______．

　　A. managers in charge of a company

　　B. students of a business class

　　C. people who are out of work

　　D. general readers

　　57. Why should you try to be punctual?

　　A. To prove you are not a habitual late comer.

　　B. To respect the rules of the organization.

　　C. To show that you are a responsible worker.

　　D. To win other workers' respect.

　　58. How should you write an official email?

　　A. Write the subject clearly and simply.

　　B. Include all the details in the email.

　　C. Make the language as beautiful as possible.

　　D. Make emails as brief as possible.

　　59. Which of the following is considered NOT acceptable about making phone calls?

　　A. Using polite languages.

　　B. Listening with patience and care.

　　C. Speaking clearly.

　　D. Answering a call in a loud voice.

　　60. In the writer's opinion, workplace etiquette＿

　　A. is easy to master

　　B. is considered important by all employees

　　C. can be helpful in doing your work well

　　D. will bring you good luck and good salaries

　　答案與解析：

　　語篇解讀：本文主要介紹一些工作中需要注意的禮節。

　　56. D. 推理判斷題。根據文章首尾段可推斷不管是任務人，只要是參加了工作，就有必要掌握一些工作上的禮節，即文章針對大眾讀者而寫，故選D項。

　　57. C. 細節理解題。根據第二段“you show that you’re aware of your responsibilities and have respect for the organization.”可判斷，上班準時可顯示出你的責任感，故選C項。

　　58. A. 細節理解題。根據第三段“In the official e-mails, you need to mention the subject concisely(簡練).”可判斷選A項。

　　59. D. 細節理解題。根據第四段“Speak in a voice which would be heard clearly at the other end.”可知打電話時不需太大聲，對話能清楚地聽到則可，故選D項。

　　60. C. 推理判斷題。根據最后一段“These guidelines will help you become the best employee of a company”可判斷，工作禮節有助于做好工作，故選C項。

　　Farmers are being told more needs to be done to stop them injuring at work. One in five British workplace deaths happens in agriculture even though farmers are only a small part of the working population. During the year 2010/11 there were 1,061 injuries in total and it is thought many more go unreported.

　　Jim Chapman from Warwickshire had his arm torn off by farm machinery seven years ago when he was 23. “You don't realize how much you rely on your second arm until it's gone,” he said. He fell against a PTO shaft(傳動軸），a spinning metal bar at the back of a tractor. “It catapulted(猛力擲出）me from one side of the machine to the other,” he said. “I landed on the floor, minus all my clothing. My left arm had been ripped off.” He admits that the machinery was missing part of its proper safety guard. “But again,” he added, “it was a rushed day. There were a few machines that didn't work. Also, I was getting behind with the jobs.”

　　Over the last 10 years, other industries that you'd think of as dangerous, like building or quarrying(礦采），have lowered the number of workplace deaths and injuries. In the farming industry though, deaths remain high with 34 deaths in 2010/11．

　　Judith Hackitt, the chair of the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) says it is "not acceptable" that the accident statistics for farming are still high. “People in farming don't have minor(較小的）injuries. When they get injured, it's bad.” she said. “When I said to the National Farmers’ Union(NFU) that if I had sons I would not want them to work in agriculture, it really made them sit up and take notice.” There's a whole host of reasons why farming is as dangerous as it is. It is a very rough industry. Also, it's often because people are left alone. They could be young and inexperienced, or older people, who would have retired maybe five or 10 years ago in other industries.

　　Jim wants others to learn from his experience. “Look at what you're doing before you go running in,” he said. “You could make a mistake that you'll live with for the rest of your life.”

　　61. Jim Chapman was injured in the workplace mainly because ＿___

　　A. he crossed the machinery

　　B. the safety guard of the machinery was gone

　　C. he was standing at the back of the tractor

　　D. he didn't notice the PTO shaft

　　62. In British farming industry,______.

　　A. farmers take up a large part of working population

　　B. the number of injuries is bigger than what the public know

　　C. old machinery was not replaced in time

　　D. being a farmer is the most dangerous

　　63．Judith thought＿were (was) not acceptable.

　　A. the injuries of farmers

　　B．the high deaths for farming

　　C. her son's hope to work in agriculture

　　D. farmers' retiring 5 or 10 years later

　　64. The underlined phrase `ripped off" in paragraph 2 probably means“＿”

　　A. turned off

　　B. got off

　　C. worn off

　　D. torn off

　　65. From the whole text, we can see that Jim feels

　　A. regretful

　　B. angry

　　C. shocked

　　D. confused

　　答案與解析：

　　語篇解讀：本文主要介紹英國農民工在做事時的受傷現象。

　　61. B. 細節理解題。根據第二段“He admits that the machinery was missing part of its proper safety guard.”可判斷Jim Chapman受傷是因為機器的防護裝置的脫落，故選B項。

　　62. B. 細節理解題。根據第一段“During the year 2010/11 there were 1,061 injuries in total and it is thought many more go unreported.”可推斷英國農民實際受傷人數比所報道的受傷人數要多，故選B項。

　　63. B. 細節理解題。根據第四段“When I said to the National Farmers’ Union(NFU) that if I had sons I would not want them to work in agriculture”可知Judith不會讓她兒子從事農業方面的工作，故選B項。64. D. 詞義猜測題。根據第二段“Jim Chapman from Warwickshire had his arm torn off by farm machinery seven years ago when he was 23.”可推斷劃線部分應意為“torn off”，故選D項。

　　65. A. 推理判斷題。根據最后一段Jim的講話可推斷他為自己的受傷感到遺憾，故選A項。

　　Several animal species including gorillas in Rwanda and tigers in Bangladesh could risk extinction if the impact of climate change and extreme weather on their habitats is not addressed, a UN report showed on Sunday.

　　Launched on the sidelines of global climate negotiations in Durban, the report by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization shows how higher temperatures, the rise in sea levels, deforestation and excessive land use have damaged the habitats of certain species, especially in Africa.

　　"Many ecosystems have already been stressed by increasing population, historical and recent deforestation, unsustainable management practices and even invasive species," Eduardo Rojas-Briales, assistant director general at the FAO's forestry department, said at the launch of the report.

　　The most affected areas include mountains, isolated islands and coastal areas, which limit the possibilities for animals to migrate elsewhere and create new habitats.

　　"The remaining populations become enclosed in very small ecosystems, they have inbreeding （近親交配）problems ... and at the end these species may disappear," he added.

　　Other examples of affected animals included elephants in Mali, lions in the Serengeti and crocodiles in Malawi.

　　The report said an estimated 20-30 percent of plant and animal species will be at higher risk of extinction due to global warming and a significant proportion of endemic species may become extinct by 2050 as a consequence.

　　Other consequences could include the spread of invasive species and infectious diseases, it said.

　　The report urges more focus on restoration of damaged ecosystems, especially those key to tackling （應對）climate change such as mangroves（紅樹林）, inland waters, forests, savannahs（非洲大草原） and grasslands.

　　The FAO also called for the creation of migration corridors for animals in areas where their movement was constrained.

　　The organization said while more resources were flowing to biodiversity conservation, more action at the government and policy level was needed.

　　It also urged local communities to develop projects that mitigate the impact of climate change on wildlife, naming eco-tourism activities as an example.

　　56. Why are mountains, isolated islands and coastal areas becoming the most affected areas, according to the passage?

　　A. Because animals there are more likely to migrate to other places and create new habitats.

　　B. Because of higher temperatures and the rise in sea levels there.

　　C. Because it is less possible for animals to move to other places and create new habitats.

　　D. Because of the spread of invasive species and infectious diseases.

　　57. What does the underlined word “mitigate” in the last paragraph mean?

　　A. Making something become less serious.

　　B. Making use of.

　　C. Developing.

　　D. Moving from one place to another.

　　58. All of the following are true EXCEPT “

　　”.

　　A. The increasing population, historical and recent deforestation, unsustainable management practices and even invasive species have put great pressure on the ecosystem.

　　B. We should pay more attention to the restoration of damaged ecosystems

　　C. All the plants and animal species will be at higher risk of distinction due to global warming by 2050.

　　D. For animals living in areas where their movements were limited, we should create more corridors for them.

　　59. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?

　　A. There are no resources available to conserve the biodiversity.

　　B. It is the local communities rather than the government that should take measures to protect the species from extinction.

　　C. It is better for the local communities to restrict eco-tourism activities.

　　D. The government should take some measures and some policies should be made to protect the biodiversity though more sources were being used for it.

　　60. What is the best title for the passage?

　　A. Animals at risk

　　B. Global warming and its consequences

　　C. Solutions to animal distinction

　　D. Animals at risk due to climate change

　　語篇解讀：氣候變化對野生物帶來極大的影響，因為有必要采取措施減輕氣候變化。

　　56. C. 細節理解題。根據第四段“The most affected areas include mountains, isolated islands and coastal areas, which limit the possibilities for animals to migrate elsewhere and create new habitats.”可判斷選C項。

　　57. A. 詞義猜測題。要求當地發展項目來減輕氣候變化對野生物的影響，由此可推斷劃線詞應意為“使某事物變得更不嚴重”，故選A項。

　　58. C. 細節理解題。C項內容與文中“The report said an estimated 20-30 percent of plant and animal species will be at higher risk of extinction due to global warming and a significant proportion of endemic species may become extinct by 2050 as a consequence”不相符合，故選C項。

　　59. D. 推理判斷題。根據“The organization said while more resources were flowing to biodiversity conservation, more action at the government and policy level was needed.”可判斷D項正確。

　　60. D. 主旨大意題。本文主要介紹氣候變化給野生活帶來面臨滅絕的影響，故正確答案選D項。

　　Holding a cell phone against your ear or storing it in your pocket may be dangerous to your health. This explains a warning that cell phone manufacturers include in the small print that is often ignored when a new phone is purchased. Apple, for example, doesn’t want iPhones to come closer to you than 1.5 centimeters; Research In Motion, BlackBerry’s manufacturer, recommends 2.5 centimeters.

　　If health issues arise from cell phone use, the possible effects are huge. Voice calls - Americans chat on cell phones 2.26 trillion(萬億)minutes annually - earn $109 billion for the wireless carriers.

　　Devra Davis, an expert who has worked for the University of Pittsburgh, has published a book about cell phone radiation, “Disconnect.” The book surveys scientific research and concludes the question is not settled.

　　Brain cancer is a concern that Ms. Davis examines. Over all, there has not been an increase in its incidence since cell phones arrived. But the average masks an increase in brain cancer in the 20-to-29 age group and a drop for the older population.

　　“Most cancers have multiple causes,” she says, but she points to laboratory research that suggests low-energy radiation could damage cells that could possibly lead to cancer.

　　Children are more vulnerable（易受傷的）to radiation than adults, Ms. Davis and other scientists point out. Radiation that penetrates only five centimeters into the brain of an adult will reach much deeper into the brains of children because their skulls are thinner and their brains contain more absorptive fluid（易吸收的液體）. No studies have yet been completed on cell phone radiation and children, she says.

　　Henry Lai, a research professor in the bioengineering department at the University of Washington, began laboratory radiation studies in 1980 and found that rats exposed to radiation had damaged DNA in their brains.

　　Ms. Davis recommends using wired headsets or the phone’s speaker. Children should text rather than call, she said, and pregnant women should keep phones away from the abdomen（腹部）.

　　66. Why is the warning in the small print?

　　A. They don’t want the users to pay attention to it.

　　B. There is not enough space for the warning.