【例40】 —I'll tell Mary about the result of her final examination. —You ________ her yesterday. A．ought to tell

　　B．may tell C．would have told

　　D．ought to have told 答案　D 2．could have done表示過去本能夠做而實際上未做，含有責備或遺憾之意。 【例41】 —You ________ your teacher for help.He is kind－hearted. —Yes.A whole day was wasted. A．can

　　B．must have asked C．could have asked

　　D．shouldn't have asked 答案　C 3．might have done表示過去本可以做而實際上未做，含有責備或遺憾之意。 【例42】 He ________ you more help, even though he was very busy. A．might have given

　　B．might give C．may have given

　　D．may give 答案　A 4．needn't have done表示過去本沒有必要做，但實際上做了，含有遺憾之意。 【例43】 Mark ________ have hurried.After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.

　　(2010·天津) A．needn't

　　B．wouldn't

　　C．mustn't

　　D．couldn't

　　答案　A 【例44】 She was too nervous to reply, but fortunately she ________ anything. A．didn't need to say

　　B．needn't have said C．needn't say

　　D．doesn't need to say 答案　A 二、虛擬語氣 (一)虛擬條件句的三種基本類型 1．若與現在事實相反，條件從句的謂語用一般過去時(be通常用were)，主句謂語用“would (should，could，might)＋動詞原形”。 【例45】 If places ________ alike, there ________ little need for geographers. A．are；should be

　　B．are；will be C．were；be

　　D．were；would be 答案　D 2．若與過去事實相反，條件從句的謂語用過去完成時，主句謂語用“would (should，could，might)＋have＋過去分詞”。 【例46】 If he ________， he ________ that food.Luckily, he was sent to the hospital immediately. A．was warned；would not take B．had been warned；would not have taken C．would be warned；had not taken D．would have been warned；had not taken 答案　B 3．若與將來事實相反，條件從句的謂語用一般過去時(be通常用were)或should＋動詞原形或were to＋動詞原形，主句謂語用“would (should，could，might)＋動詞原形”。 【例47】 What would happen if the earth ________ stop turning? A．will

　　B．would

　　C．could

　　D．were to 答案　D 【例48】 —I think it ________ much better if he ________ a job soon. —Yes, I agree with you. A．would be；got

　　B．is；will get C．would have been；had got

　　D．will be；got 答案　A 注：當條件從句使用“should＋動詞原形”這樣的謂語時，主句也可用陳述語氣或祈使句。 【例49】 Let me know if you ________ some more news. A．heard

　　B．would hear C．should hear

　　D．were to hear 答案　C 【例50】 If you ________ interested, I ________ you the whole story. A．should be；will tell

　　B．were to；will tell C．were；will tell

　　D．are；would tell 答案　A (二)錯綜時間虛擬條件句 所謂錯綜時間虛擬條件句即條件從句與主句所指時間不一致，如從句指過去，而主句卻指現在或將來，此時應根據具體的語境，結合上面提到的三種基本類型對時態作出相應的調整。 【例51】 We should be having a terrible time tomorrow if we ________ everything ready by now. A．haven't got

　　B．hadn't got C．didn't

　　D．don't get 答案　B 【例52】 If he ________ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A．lies

　　B．lay C．had lain

　　D．should lie 答案　C (三)含蓄虛擬條件句 假設情況不用if從句來表示，而是用without，but for，otherwise，or，but等表示一種含蓄條件。表示與現在或將來相反，用“would (should，could，might)＋動詞原形”；表示與過去相反用“would (should，could，might)＋have＋過去分詞”。 【例53】 Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night ________ for us to live. A．would be freezing cold B．will be freezing coldly

　　C．would be frozen cold D．can freeze coldly 答案　A 【例54】 He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball.Otherwise he ________ a goal. A．had scored

　　B．scored C．would score

　　D．would have scored 答案　D 【例55】 But for the storm, we ________ earlier. A．will arrive

　　B．should have arrived C．arrive

　　D．arrived 答案　B (四)虛擬語氣的省略與倒裝 有時可將連詞if省略，而將從句中的were，should，had提到主語之前。 【例56】 What would have happened, ________， as far as the riverbank? A．Bob had walked farther B．if Bob should walk farther C．had Bob walked farther D．if Bob walked farther 答案　C 【例57】 ________ you be fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A．Would

　　B．Should

　　C．Were

　　D．Will 答案　B 【例58】 ________ taken good care of, he would not have recovered so quickly. A．Has he been not

　　B．Had he not been C．Has not he been

　　D．Had he been not 答案　B (五)使用虛擬語氣的幾種從句 1．wish后的賓語從句和if only后的句子：表示與現在事實相反的愿望，從句謂語用一般過去時或過去進行時；表示與過去相反的愿望，從句謂語用過去完成時或“would (could)＋have＋過去分詞”；表示將來沒有把握或不太可能實現的愿望，常用“would (could)＋動詞原形”。 【例59】 How I wish every family ________ a large house with a beautiful garden!

　　A．has

　　B．had C．will have

　　D．has had 答案　B 【例60】 I wish I ________ you yesterday. A．seen

　　B．saw C．had seen

　　D．were to see 答案　C 【例61】 If only he ________ what I tell him, but he won't. A．had done

　　B．would have done C．would do

　　D．has done 答案　C 2．as if / as though引導的方式狀語從句或表語從句：表示與現在事實相反，從句謂語用一般過去時或過去進行時；表示與過去事實相反，用過去完成時；表示將來的可能性不大，用“would (could)＋動詞原形”。 【例62】 It seems as if the sun ________ round the earth since it rises in the east and sets in the west. A．circles

　　B．is circling C．were circling

　　D．has been circling 答案　C 注：若從句所說的內容可能為事實，也可用陳述語氣。 【例63】 The last bus has left.It seems as if we ________ to walk home. A．shall have

　　B．had C．would have

　　D．had had 答案　A 3．It's (high / about)time后的定語從句：從句謂語通常用一般過去時或“should＋動詞原形”(should不可省)。 【例64】 —I still haven't thanked Aunt Lucy for her present. —It's time you ________it. A．do

　　B．did

　　C．had

　　D．would 答案　B 4．would rather后的賓語從句：通常用一般過去時表示現在或將來的愿望，用過去完成時表示過去的愿望。 【例65】 George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he ________ more on its culture.(2010·江蘇) A．focus

　　B．focused C．would focus

　　D．had focused 答案　B 5．一個“堅持”(insist)、兩個“命令”(order，command)、三個“建議”(advise，suggest，propose)、四個“要求”(demand，require，request，ask)后的賓語從句：一般用”should＋動詞原形”(should可省)。 【例66】 The judge ordered that the thief ________ punished. A．would be

　　B．should be C．was to be

　　D．must be 答案　B 【例67】 He ________ that he could finish the job without any help. A．claimed

　　B．required C．demanded

　　D．asked 答案　A 注：動詞insist，suggest后的賓語從句除可用虛擬語氣外，也可用陳述語氣，區別是：若從句內容尚未成為事實，用虛擬語氣；從句內容已經成為事實，用陳述語氣

　　【例68】 The young man insisted that he ________ nothing wrong and ________ free. A．did；set

　　B．had done；should be set C．do；be set

　　D．does；would be set 答案　B 【例69】 Jane's pale face suggested that she ________ ill and her parents suggested that she ________ a medical examination. A．be；should have

　　B．was；have C．should be；had

　　D．was；has 答案　B 6．It's＋suggested，ordered，required，demanded等表示“建議、要求、命令”的動詞的過去分詞＋that主語從句：常用“should＋動詞原形”(should可省)。 【例70】 It is requested that visitors ________ the exhibits. A．do not touch

　　B．not touch C．did not touch

　　D．will not touch 答案　B 7．“要求、建議、命令”等意義的名詞后的表語從句或同位語從句：從句中的動詞用“should＋動詞原形”(should可省)。 【例71】 The suggestion that he ________ at the meeting was that their working conditions ________. A．should make；would be improved B．made；be improved

　　C．made；were improved D．make；should be improved 答案　B 【例72】 He gave orders that everyone ________ in their weapons. A．turns

　　B．will turn C．would turn

　　D．should turn

　　答案　D 8．It's＋important/necessary / impossible＋that主語從句：常用“should＋動詞原形”(should可省)。 【例73】 It's possible that he ________ us some money, but it's impossible that he ________ us so much. A．will lend；will lend

　　B．will lend；should lend

　　C．should lend；will lend

　　D．should lend；should lend 答案　B 【例74】 —Don't you think it necessary that he ________ to Miami but to New York? —I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to. A．will not be sent；that

　　B．not be sent；that

　　C．should not be sent；what

　　D．should not send；what 答案　B 第六章　情態動詞和虛擬語氣

　　△情態動詞和虛擬語氣講解△ 一、情態動詞 (一)情態動詞的基本用法 1．can / could (1)表“能力”。 【例1】 Just be patient.You ________ expect the world to change so soon.

　　(2010·全國Ⅰ) A．can't

　　B．needn't C．may not

　　D．whether 答案　A 【例2】 We ________ eat in a restaurant because none of us had any money on us. A．can't

　　B．couldn't C．may not

　　D．might not 答案　B (2)表“許可”?；卮餭ould的提問常用can，一般不用could。 【例3】 —Could I use your bike? —Yes, surely you ________. A．might

　　B．will

　　C．can

　　D．could 答案　C (3)could一般只表過去的能力；若表示過去的能力得到了實施，一般用was / were able to，不用could。 【例4】 The fire spread throughout the hotel very quickly but everyone ________ get out. A．had to

　　B．would C．could

　　D．was able to 答案　D 2．may / might (1)表“許可” (＝can)。若表示“不可以、禁止”，用mustn't或can't?；卮餸ight的提問常用may，一般不用might。 【例5】 —________ I take the book out?

　　—I'm afraid not.

　　(2010·四川) A．Will

　　B．May

　　C．Must

　　D．Need 答案　B 【例6】 —Might I use your pen? —Yes, of course you ________. A．may

　　B．must

　　C．could

　　D．might 答案　A 【例7】 —May I watch TV now?

　　—No, you ________. A．can

　　B．mustn't

　　C．couldn't

　　D．mightn't 答案　B (2)may表“祝愿”，置句首，主謂要倒裝。 【例8】 Good luck to you, and ________ all your wishes come true! A．can

　　B．may

　　C．must

　　D．might 答案　B 3．must / have to (1)表“必須”。must強調主觀看法；have to強調客觀需要。 【例9】 ①This is a bad party—We really ________ go. ②This is a lovely party, but we ________ go because of our baby. A．must

　　B．may

　　C．can

　　D．have to 答案?、貯?、贒 (2)mustn't意為“禁止、不準”；haven't to意為“不必”(＝needn't)。 【例10】 You ________ practice the drums while the baby is sleeping. A．haven't to

　　B．mightn't C．mustn't

　　D．won't 答案　C (3)must表“偏要、硬要”。 【例11】 Why ________ you always interrupt me? A．can

　　B．will

　　C．may

　　D．must 答案　C 【例12】 —May I smoke here? —If you ________， choose a seat in the smoking section. A．should

　　B．could

　　C．may

　　D．must 答案　D (4)以must開頭的一般疑問句，若要作否定回答，常用needn't或haven't to，一般不用mustn't。 【例13】 —Must I come at four o'clock? —Oh，no.You ________ come at four. A．won't

　　B．needn't

　　C．can't

　　D．mustn't 答案　B 4．ought to / should (1)意為“應該”，表義務或責任，ought to的語氣比should稍重。 【例14】 It's nearly seven o'clock.Jack ________ be here at any moment. A．must

　　B．need

　　C．should

　　D．can 答案　C (2)should表“竟然、萬一”。 【例15】 You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ________ be so rude to a lady. A．might

　　B．need

　　C．should

　　D．would 答案　C 【例16】 If you ________ have any difficulty in getting spare parts, ring this number. A．ought to

　　B．should C．will

　　D．would 答案　B 5．need (1)意為“需要”，作情態動詞用時，須跟動詞原形，無人稱、數、時態的變化，一般只用于否定句或疑問句中。在肯定句中一般用作行為動詞。 【例17】 —I don't mind telling you what I know. —You ________.I'm not asking you for it. A．mustn't

　　B．may not C．can't

　　D．needn't 答案　D 【例18】 I don't think he ________ a new computer. A．need to buy

　　B．needs buy C．need buy

　　D．need 答案　C (2)以need開頭的一般疑問句，若要作肯定回答，常用must，一般不用need。 【例19】 —Need I come? —Yes, you ________. A．need

　　B．must

　　C．needn't

　　D．mustn't 答案　B 6．dare 意為“敢”，作情態動詞用時，須跟動詞原形，有過去式(dared)，無人稱、數的變化，主要用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中。在肯定句中一般用作行為動詞。 【例20】 I wonder how he ________ that to the teacher. A．dare to say

　　B．dare saying C．not dare say

　　D．dared say 答案　D 【例21】 She ________ tell the boss because she doesn't want to make trouble. A．doesn't dare to

　　B．not dare C．daren't to

　　D．dares not to 答案　A 7．shall (1)用于疑問句中征求意見，主語是第一、三人稱。 【例22】 Let's go shopping, ________ we? A．don't

　　B．will

　　C．shall

　　D．mustn't 答案　C 【例23】 Professor Smith, many students want to see you.________ they wait here or outside? A．Do

　　B．Will

　　C．Shall

　　D．Would 答案　C (2)用于陳述句中表示說話人的允諾、告誡、威脅、命令等，主語多為第二、三人稱。 【例24】 —I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month. —Don't worry.You ________ have it by Friday.(2010·江蘇) A．could

　　B．shall

　　C．must

　　D．may 答案　B 【例25】 —Mike is absent from class. —Tell him he ________ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that. A．shall