答案：will；keep　本題考查部分倒裝結構。句意：唯有找到內心的寧靜，方能維持人際關系的和諧?！皁nly＋副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句”置于句首時，句子(主句)要用部分倒裝語序。本題中，時間狀語從句when you can find peace in your heart被only修飾，且置于句首，故主句用部分倒裝結構。注意：如果only修飾的不是狀語而是主語，則不能用倒裝。如：Only he was invited.只有他受到了邀請。 答案：where　本題考查定語從句引導詞的選擇。句意：學生們應該積極參與社團活動，在這些活動中他們可以獲得成長的經驗。分析句子結構可知，本句的先行詞是community activities，將其移到后面的定語從句中為：they can gain experience for growth in community activities由此可知關系詞代替先行詞在后面的定語從句中作地點狀語，故用where引導。 4．Having got the support from her family, Mary ________ ________ ________(全身心投入到) her career. 5．只有當你對未來充滿信心時，你才會竭盡全力去克服你所面臨的困難。(only＋狀語從句) ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ try your best to overcome the difficulty you face. 6．我第一次見到他，就不得不為他的敬業精神所震撼。 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， I was shocked with his ________ ________ ________ ________. 7．以我之見，即使你失業也不要灰心。 ________ ________ ________， never________ ________ even if you are ________ ________ ________. 8．他不僅為人大方，樂于助人，還積極參加許多課外活動。(部分倒裝句) Not only ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， but he also ________ ________ ________ ________ ________after-class activities. 9．如果你陷入困境，請隨時向我求助。 If ________ ________ ________ ________， please ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ at any time.

　　10．事實上，是你的勤奮在你的英語學習中起到了關鍵的作用。(強調句) ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， ________ ________ your diligence that ________ ________ ________ ________ in your English study.

　　答案：1.came to power; a great number of　2.set up a law office; offer guidance　3.those who help me in trouble　4.devoted herself to　5.Only when you are confident of your future will you 6．The first time I saw him; devotion to his career　7.In my opinion; lose heart; out of work　8.is he generous and willing to help others; takes an active part in　9.you are in trouble; turn to me for help　10.As a matter of fact; it is; plays an important role

　　5．As matter of fact, social customs vary in different parts of the world.__________________ 6．That football team had won no games and it lost its heart.__________________ 7．Don't be worried，because there is nothing to worry.__________________ 8．Madame Curie, devoting to

　　science, was

　　a great woman.__________________ 9．There are many cards for you to choose.__________________ 10．It worried the public was that Phelps should take drugs.__________________ 答案：1.worrying→worried　2.escaped后加上from　3.sentenced后加上to　4.fighting后加上against　5.As后加上a　6.去掉its　7.worry后加上about　8.devoting→devoted 9．choose后加上from　10.It→What 答案： Nelson Mandela was born near Transkei in South Africa in 1918. For almost 50 years, he devoted himself to fighting for black people and helping them get equal rights. As a black lawyer, he set up his law office to help those black people in trouble, and offered guidance to those out of work on their legal problems. In 1962, he was sentenced to five years' hard labour for encouraging violence against anti-black laws. Only then did they decide to answer violence with violence.

　　He founded the ANC Youth League and blew up some government buildings. As a matter of fact, they didn't want to turn to violence, but they couldn't make black and white people equal in a peaceful way. In 1993 Mandela won the Nobel Peace Prize and became President of South Africa a year later. 4．equal adj. 相等的；平等的；能勝任的　vt. 比得上；抵得上　n. 同等之人或物 歸納拓展 (1)be equal to 與……相等；能勝任；能應付 A equals B in... A在……方面比得上B without equal 無比；無敵 on equal terms with sb. 與某人處于平等地位 (2)equally adv. 同樣(程度)地；平均地 equality n. 同等；平等

　?、跦e ________ ________ in strength, but not in intelligence. 他體力與我匹敵，但智力無法與我匹敵。 答案：①equal that of a surprising end?、赽e equally respected

　?、踖quals me

　　5．opinion n. 意見；看法；主張 歸納拓展 in sb.'s opinion/in the opinion of sb. 在某人看來；根據某人的意見 give one's opinion about 發表看法 have a good/high/bad/low/poor opinion of＝think well/highly/much/badly/little of 對……評價高/低 ③The teacher ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 老師對他評價很高。 ④Would you please ________ ________ ________ ________ the local government? 請你發表對當地政府看法，好嗎？ 答案：①ask for your parents' opinion?、贗n my opinion ③has a good opinion of him?、躦ive your opinion about 1.out of work 失業 歸納拓展 out of sight 看不見 out of mind 心不在焉 out of debt 不欠債；還清債務 out of date 過時；過期 out of danger 脫離危險

　　out of order 壞了 out of shape 變形 out of question 毫無疑問 out of the question 不可能

　　③Rest now was ________ ________ ________ ________(不可能)． ④I asked about the movie star ________ ________ ________(出于好奇)． 答案：①out of work?、趏ut of date?、踥ut of the question?、躱ut of curiosity 2．in trouble 在困境中 歸納拓展 ask for trouble 自尋煩惱；自討苦吃 make trouble 搗亂；制造麻煩 get (sb.) into trouble(使某人)陷入困境 make/cause trouble for sb. 給某人惹麻煩 have some/no trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有(沒有)困難 take the trouble to do sth. 不辭辛苦做某事 ③The last thing I want to do is to ________ ________ ________ ________. 我最不想給他惹麻煩。 ④As everyone in the town knows him quite well, we ________ ________ ________in finding his address. 因為鎮上所有人都知道他，我們毫不費力找到了他的住址。 答案：①asking for trouble　②making trouble; in trouble　③make trouble for him?、躧ave no/little trouble 3．turn to (向他人)求助；轉向；變成 歸納拓展 turn to sb. for help 向某人求助 turn on 打開 turn off 關閉 turn up (把聲音)調大；出現 turn down (把聲音)調小；拒絕 turn over 翻轉；移交 turn in 上交，交出

　　turn out 結果是；生產 turn against 背叛 turn away 走開 turn into 變成，變為

　　4．lose heart喪失勇氣或信心 歸納拓展 lose one's heart to 傾心于；愛上 learn... by heart 背誦；牢記 put one's heart into 專心于 heart and soul 全心全意地 1.... only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 直到那個時候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。 “only＋狀語(即副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句)”位于句首時，句子要采用部分倒裝結構。 歸納拓展 以下幾種情況句子要用部分倒裝結構： (1)表否定意義的詞語，如never, hardly, little, rarely, scarcely, seldom, not, no, not only, at no time, under no circumstances等位于句首時； (2)以so, neither/nor開頭的句子，表示前面所述情況適合于另一個人或物，句子要用倒裝結構。so表達肯定意義，neither/nor表達否定意義； (3)句型so/such ... that ...中的so/such ...部分位于句首時。 ③If you don't go, nor ________ ________(我也不去)． ④So ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(北京有這么多名勝) that you can't visit them all in a single day. 答案：①will you be allowed in?、趇s the teacher himself interested in football?、踳ill/shall I?、躮any places of interest does Beijing offer

　　2．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 過去的三十年來所出現的大量法律剝奪了我們的權利，阻擋我們的進步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權利都沒有的階段。 該句中的主語the last thirty years為無生命事物，這是一種擬人的修辭手法。

　　歸納拓展 在英語中，常將表示時間，地點或事物等的名詞作主語，將本應為人發出的動作see, find, witness等作謂語，表示某時，某地或某物“經歷、發生、見證、目睹”了某事。這種句式突出強調句中的地點、時間或事物，增強了語言的生動活潑性。

　　答案：①saw/witnessed the founding of the People's Republic of China?、趆ave seen great changes?、踗ound people singing and dancing 3．Until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎沒有任何權利的階段。 歸納拓展 當先行詞是stage，case，point，position，situation等含有地點含義的抽象名詞，且定語從句中缺少狀語時，常用where/in which等引導定語從句。 答案：①我們到了必須做出變化的階段了。 ②這使我陷入了一種不能接受此工作的境地。 基礎知識鞏固 Unit 5　Nelson Mandela —a modern hero 必修一 第一部分　基礎知識聚焦 考點探究演練 2 基礎知識鞏固 3 課時規范訓練 4 基礎知識晨記 1 基礎知識晨記 Ⅰ.單詞速記 A．快速識記 1．________ n．質量；品質；性質 2．________ vi.逃脫；逃走；泄露 3．________ n．意見；看法；主張 4．________ n．& vt.進攻；攻擊；抨擊 5．________ vt.酬勞；獎賞 n．報酬；獎金 6．________ vi.乞求；請求→________ n．乞丐 7．________ n．律師→________ n．法律；法規；法學 8．________ vt.建立；建設→________ n．建立者；創始人 quality escape opinion attack reward beg beggar lawyer law found founder 9．_______ n．殘忍；殘酷→______ adj.殘酷的；殘忍的 10．________ n．暴力；暴行→________ adj.暴力的；猛烈的 11．________ adj.和平的；平靜的；安寧的→________ n．和平；和睦；平靜 12．________ adj.法律的；合法的→(反義詞)________ adj.違法的；不合法的 13．________ adj.積極的；活躍的→________ adv.積極地→__________ n．積極性 cruelty cruel violence violent peaceful peace legal illegal active actively activeness 14．________ v．投票；選舉 n．投票；選票；表決→________ n．選民；選舉人 15．________ adj.自私的→___________ n．自私→________adj.無私的→___________ n．無私 16．________ adj.平等的；相等的→________ n．平等→(反義詞)________ n．不平等 17．________ adj.慷慨的；大方的→________ n．慷慨；大方→(反義詞)________ adj.吝嗇的 18．________ adj.不公平的；不公正的→________ n．不公平→(反義詞)________ adj.公平的 vote voter selfish selfishness selfless selflessness equal equality inequality generous generosity mean unfair unfairness fair

　　19．________ vt.獻身；專心于(與to連用)→________ adj.忠實的；深愛的→________ n．獻身；忠誠 20．________ vt.教育→________ adj.受過教育的；有教養的→(反義詞)__________ adj.無知的；未受過教育的→________ n．教育→________ n．教育家 devote devoted devotion educate educated uneducated education educator B．歸類巧記 1．表示“人物特點”的形容詞全掃描 ①generous 慷慨的 ②energetic

　　有活力的 ③intelligent

　　聰明的 ④ambitious

　　有雄心壯志的 ⑤confident

　　有信心的 ⑥creative

　　富有創造力的 ⑦devoted

　　有獻身精神的 ⑧enthusiastic

　　充滿熱情的 ⑨warm-hearted

　　熱心腸的 ⑩active

　　積極的；活躍的 2．quality相關詞一覽 ①qualify vt.

　　使合格 ②qualification n.

　　資格 ③quantity n.

　　數量 3．后綴-ance高頻名詞全接觸 ①guidance

　　指導；領導 ②importance

　　重要；重要性 ③ignorance

　　無知；愚昧 ④significance

　　意義；重要性 ⑤appearance

　　出現 ⑥tolerance

　　寬容；容忍 ⑦elegance

　　優美；高雅 Ⅱ.高頻短語 1．喪失勇氣或信心 ________ 2．處于麻煩中 ________ 3．擔心 ________ 4．失業 ________ 5．事實上 ________ 6．使充氣；使爆炸 ________ 7．把……投進監獄 ________ 8．當權 ________ 9．設立；建立 ________ 10．實現某人……的夢想 ________ lose heart in trouble worry about out of work as a matter of fact blow up put ...into prison come into power set up realize one's dream of 11．在……中活躍 ________ 12．致力于 ________ 13．以和平的方式 ________ 14．對……抱有希望 ________ 15．愿意…… ________ 16．求助于 ________ 17．積極參與 ________ 18．被判處…… ________ 19．能勝任 ________ 20．投票支持 ________ be active in be devoted to in a peaceful way feel/be hopeful about/of... be willing to... turn to take an active part in be sentenced to... be equal to vote for Ⅲ.佳句填空 1．He _____ _____ _____ his time, for ______ I was grateful. 他十分慷慨地給予我時間，我為此非常感激。 2．I worried about ________ I would become out of work. 我擔心我會不會失業。 3．The last thirty years ________(see)the greatest number of laws ________(stop) our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage ________ we have almost no rights at all. 過去的三十年來所出現的大量法律剝奪了我們的權利，阻擋我們的進步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權利都沒有的階段。 4．Only then ________ we decide to answer violence ________ violence. 只有到了這個時候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。 5．I did not work again for twenty years ________ Mr.Mandela and the ANC ________ ________ ________ in 1994. 在曼德拉先生和非洲國民大會于1994年掌政之前，我有20年沒有工作。

　　答案：1.was generous with; which　2.whether　3.have seen; stopping; where　4.did; with　5.until; came into power Ⅳ.語法過關 定語從句(Ⅱ) 1．Xiamen is regarded as a city ________ traditional culture is well combined with a modern lifestyle. 答案：where　考查定語從句。句意為：廈門被認為是一個傳統文化和現代生活方式完美結合的城市。分析句子結構可知，空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞a city，并在從句中作地點狀語，所以用關系副詞where引導該定語從句。 2．They stood on the top of the high building, from ________ they could see the whole city. 答案：where　考查定語從句。根據句意可知，從那個高樓的頂部能看見整個城市，此處from where相當于from on the top of the high building。 3．He met Rachel at her college graduation ceremony in 2008，________ he was later to marry. 答案：whom　考查定語從句。句意為：他是在2008年Rachel的大學畢業典禮上認識她的，后來娶她為妻。分析句子成分可知，空處引導定語從句。先行詞為Rachel，在從句中作marry的賓語，故用whom引導。 4．The band was very successful in the seventies, most of ________ members were in their twenties. 答案：whose　考查定語從句。分析句子成分可知，空處引導定語從句，在從句中作定語，故用whose。 5．In moments when you're feeling down，read what you wrote previously，________ will help uplift your spirits. 答案：which　考查定語從句。句意為：當你情緒低落的時候，讀一讀你先前寫下的東西，這會幫助你情緒高昂。which引導非限制性定語從句，指代前面整個句子的內容。 Ⅴ.語篇填空 My name is Elias. I am ①________ poor black worker in South Africa. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to ②________ I went for advice. He offered ③________(guide) to poor black people on their legal problems. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. I needed his help ④________ I had very little education. I began school at six. The school ⑤________ I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees ⑥________ the bus fare. I could not read or write well. ⑦________ trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook ⑧________(live) in Johannesburg. Sadly I did not have ⑨________ because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I ⑩________(become) out of work. 答案：①a?、趙hom?、踘uidance?、躡ecause　⑤where　⑥and?、逜fter?、鄑o live　⑨one　⑩would become 考點探究演練 1.devote vt. 獻身于；致力于 歸納拓展 (1)devote ... to ... 把……獻給……

　　be devoted to ... 致力于……；專心于……

　　(2)devoted adj. 深愛的；忠實的 devotion n. 奉獻；忠誠 溫馨提示： 含介詞to的短語： be/get used/accustomed to習慣于 lead to 導致 pay attention to 注意 object to 反對 be opposed to 反對 look forward to 期望 get down to 開始認真做 stick to 堅持 (2)句型轉換。 She devoted herself to practicing for ten years and became one of the world's best long-distance swimmers. ①____________________(改為現在分詞短語作原因狀語) ②____________________(改為過去分詞短語作原因狀語) 答案：(1)①setting?、趐reparing　③being caught?、躻as devoted (2)①Devoting herself to practicing for ten years, she became one of the world's best long-distance swimmers. ②Devoted to practicing for ten years, she became one of the world's best long-distance swimmers. 2．reward n. 報酬；獎賞；回報　vt. 報答；獎勵 歸納拓展 (1)reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而報答某人 reward sb. with sth. 用……犒賞某人 (2)as a reward for 作為回饋/酬謝/獎賞 ask no reward 不計報酬 give/offer/pay/put up a reward to sb. for sth. 因某事而給某人報酬 earn/enjoy/get/obtain/receive reward for sth. 因某事而得到報答或報酬 in reward (for) 作為(對……的)報答 辨析　award/reward 詞語 名詞含義 動詞含義 award 獎品，獎金，與prize用法相似 意為“授予、頒發”，常用搭配：award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb. reward 報酬、獎金或一些非金錢類的報酬 多指因對方的工作、服務、幫助而給予的報酬或獎賞，常用搭配：reward sb. for (doing) sth. ③Youyou Tu ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ for discovering artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin, making her one of the greatest women in the world. 因為發現青蒿素，屠呦呦被授予諾貝爾醫學獎，她成為了世界上的偉大女性之一。 答案：①as a reward for his service?、赼 reward of $500　③was rewarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine 3．escape n. & vi. 逃脫；逃走；泄露　vt. 逃脫 歸納拓展 (1)escape from 從……逃離 escape doing sth. 逃避做某事 escape one's notice/memory 逃過某人的注意/被某人遺忘 (2)have a narrow escape＝narrowly escape from being killed 九死一生；幸免于難 make one's escape from 逃離；逃脫

　?、跮ast year I ________ ________ ________ ________， and I don't want to risk my life a second time. 去年我死里逃生，我不想再冒險。 答案：①escapes being caught?、趀scape being punished(＝punishment)?、踙ad a narrow escape

　　答案：will；keep　本題考查部分倒裝結構。句意：唯有找到內心的寧靜，方能維持人際關系的和諧。“only＋副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句”置于句首時，句子(主句)要用部分倒裝語序。本題中，時間狀語從句when you can find peace in your heart被only修飾，且置于句首，故主句用部分倒裝結構。注意：如果only修飾的不是狀語而是主語，則不能用倒裝。如：Only he was invited.只有他受到了邀請。 答案：where　本題考查定語從句引導詞的選擇。句意：學生們應該積極參與社團活動，在這些活動中他們可以獲得成長的經驗。分析句子結構可知，本句的先行詞是community activities，將其移到后面的定語從句中為：they can gain experience for growth in community activities由此可知關系詞代替先行詞在后面的定語從句中作地點狀語，故用where引導。 4．Having got the support from her family, Mary ________ ________ ________(全身心投入到) her career. 5．只有當你對未來充滿信心時，你才會竭盡全力去克服你所面臨的困難。(only＋狀語從句) ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ try your best to overcome the difficulty you face. 6．我第一次見到他，就不得不為他的敬業精神所震撼。 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， I was shocked with his ________ ________ ________ ________. 7．以我之見，即使你失業也不要灰心。 ________ ________ ________， never________ ________ even if you are ________ ________ ________. 8．他不僅為人大方，樂于助人，還積極參加許多課外活動。(部分倒裝句) Not only ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， but he also ________ ________ ________ ________ ________after-class activities. 9．如果你陷入困境，請隨時向我求助。 If ________ ________ ________ ________， please ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ at any time.

　　10．事實上，是你的勤奮在你的英語學習中起到了關鍵的作用。(強調句) ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， ________ ________ your diligence that ________ ________ ________ ________ in your English study.

　　答案：1.came to power; a great number of　2.set up a law office; offer guidance　3.those who help me in trouble　4.devoted herself to　5.Only when you are confident of your future will you 6．The first time I saw him; devotion to his career　7.In my opinion; lose heart; out of work　8.is he generous and willing to help others; takes an active part in　9.you are in trouble; turn to me for help　10.As a matter of fact; it is; plays an important role

　　5．As matter of fact, social customs vary in different parts of the world.__________________ 6．That football team had won no games and it lost its heart.__________________ 7．Don't be worried，because there is nothing to worry.__________________ 8．Madame Curie, devoting to

　　science, was

　　a great woman.__________________ 9．There are many cards for you to choose.__________________ 10．It worried the public was that Phelps should take drugs.__________________ 答案：1.worrying→worried　2.escaped后加上from　3.sentenced后加上to　4.fighting后加上against　5.As后加上a　6.去掉its　7.worry后加上about　8.devoting→devoted 9．choose后加上from　10.It→What 答案： Nelson Mandela was born near Transkei in South Africa in 1918. For almost 50 years, he devoted himself to fighting for black people and helping them get equal rights. As a black lawyer, he set up his law office to help those black people in trouble, and offered guidance to those out of work on their legal problems. In 1962, he was sentenced to five years' hard labour for encouraging violence against anti-black laws. Only then did they decide to answer violence with violence.

　　He founded the ANC Youth League and blew up some government buildings. As a matter of fact, they didn't want to turn to violence, but they couldn't make black and white people equal in a peaceful way. In 1993 Mandela won the Nobel Peace Prize and became President of South Africa a year later. 4．equal adj. 相等的；平等的；能勝任的　vt. 比得上；抵得上　n. 同等之人或物 歸納拓展 (1)be equal to 與……相等；能勝任；能應付 A equals B in... A在……方面比得上B without equal 無比；無敵 on equal terms with sb. 與某人處于平等地位 (2)equally adv. 同樣(程度)地；平均地 equality n. 同等；平等

　?、跦e ________ ________ in strength, but not in intelligence. 他體力與我匹敵，但智力無法與我匹敵。 答案：①equal that of a surprising end　②be equally respected

　?、踖quals me

　　5．opinion n. 意見；看法；主張 歸納拓展 in sb.'s opinion/in the opinion of sb. 在某人看來；根據某人的意見 give one's opinion about 發表看法 have a good/high/bad/low/poor opinion of＝think well/highly/much/badly/little of 對……評價高/低 ③The teacher ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 老師對他評價很高。 ④Would you please ________ ________ ________ ________ the local government? 請你發表對當地政府看法，好嗎？ 答案：①ask for your parents' opinion?、贗n my opinion ③has a good opinion of him?、躦ive your opinion about 1.out of work 失業 歸納拓展 out of sight 看不見 out of mind 心不在焉 out of debt 不欠債；還清債務 out of date 過時；過期 out of danger 脫離危險

　　out of order 壞了 out of shape 變形 out of question 毫無疑問 out of the question 不可能

　?、跼est now was ________ ________ ________ ________(不可能)． ④I asked about the movie star ________ ________ ________(出于好奇)． 答案：①out of work?、趏ut of date?、踥ut of the question　④out of curiosity 2．in trouble 在困境中 歸納拓展 ask for trouble 自尋煩惱；自討苦吃 make trouble 搗亂；制造麻煩 get (sb.) into trouble(使某人)陷入困境 make/cause trouble for sb. 給某人惹麻煩 have some/no trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有(沒有)困難 take the trouble to do sth. 不辭辛苦做某事 ③The last thing I want to do is to ________ ________ ________ ________. 我最不想給他惹麻煩。 ④As everyone in the town knows him quite well, we ________ ________ ________in finding his address. 因為鎮上所有人都知道他，我們毫不費力找到了他的住址。 答案：①asking for trouble?、趍aking trouble; in trouble?、踡ake trouble for him　④have no/little trouble 3．turn to (向他人)求助；轉向；變成 歸納拓展 turn to sb. for help 向某人求助 turn on 打開 turn off 關閉 turn up (把聲音)調大；出現 turn down (把聲音)調小；拒絕 turn over 翻轉；移交 turn in 上交，交出

　　turn out 結果是；生產 turn against 背叛 turn away 走開 turn into 變成，變為

　　4．lose heart喪失勇氣或信心 歸納拓展 lose one's heart to 傾心于；愛上 learn... by heart 背誦；牢記 put one's heart into 專心于 heart and soul 全心全意地 1.... only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 直到那個時候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。 “only＋狀語(即副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句)”位于句首時，句子要采用部分倒裝結構。 歸納拓展 以下幾種情況句子要用部分倒裝結構： (1)表否定意義的詞語，如never, hardly, little, rarely, scarcely, seldom, not, no, not only, at no time, under no circumstances等位于句首時； (2)以so, neither/nor開頭的句子，表示前面所述情況適合于另一個人或物，句子要用倒裝結構。so表達肯定意義，neither/nor表達否定意義； (3)句型so/such ... that ...中的so/such ...部分位于句首時。 ③If you don't go, nor ________ ________(我也不去)． ④So ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(北京有這么多名勝) that you can't visit them all in a single day. 答案：①will you be allowed in?、趇s the teacher himself interested in football?、踳ill/shall I　④many places of interest does Beijing offer

　　2．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 過去的三十年來所出現的大量法律剝奪了我們的權利，阻擋我們的進步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權利都沒有的階段。 該句中的主語the last thirty years為無生命事物，這是一種擬人的修辭手法。

　　歸納拓展 在英語中，常將表示時間，地點或事物等的名詞作主語，將本應為人發出的動作see, find, witness等作謂語，表示某時，某地或某物“經歷、發生、見證、目睹”了某事。這種句式突出強調句中的地點、時間或事物，增強了語言的生動活潑性。

　　答案：①saw/witnessed the founding of the People's Republic of China　②have seen great changes?、踗ound people singing and dancing 3．Until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎沒有任何權利的階段。 歸納拓展 當先行詞是stage，case，point，position，situation等含有地點含義的抽象名詞，且定語從句中缺少狀語時，常用where/in which等引導定語從句。 答案：①我們到了必須做出變化的階段了。 ②這使我陷入了一種不能接受此工作的境地。 基礎知識鞏固 Unit 5　Nelson Mandela —a modern hero 必修一 第一部分　基礎知識聚焦 考點探究演練 2 基礎知識鞏固 3 課時規范訓練 4 基礎知識晨記 1 基礎知識晨記 Ⅰ.單詞速記 A．快速識記 1．________ n．質量；品質；性質 2．________ vi.逃脫；逃走；泄露 3．________ n．意見；看法；主張 4．________ n．& vt.進攻；攻擊；抨擊 5．________ vt.酬勞；獎賞 n．報酬；獎金 6．________ vi.乞求；請求→________ n．乞丐 7．________ n．律師→________ n．法律；法規；法學 8．________ vt.建立；建設→________ n．建立者；創始人 quality escape opinion attack reward beg beggar lawyer law found founder 9．_______ n．殘忍；殘酷→______ adj.殘酷的；殘忍的 10．________ n．暴力；暴行→________ adj.暴力的；猛烈的 11．________ adj.和平的；平靜的；安寧的→________ n．和平；和睦；平靜 12．________ adj.法律的；合法的→(反義詞)________ adj.違法的；不合法的 13．________ adj.積極的；活躍的→________ adv.積極地→__________ n．積極性 cruelty cruel violence violent peaceful peace legal illegal active actively activeness 14．________ v．投票；選舉 n．投票；選票；表決→________ n．選民；選舉人 15．________ adj.自私的→___________ n．自私→________adj.無私的→___________ n．無私 16．________ adj.平等的；相等的→________ n．平等→(反義詞)________ n．不平等 17．________ adj.慷慨的；大方的→________ n．慷慨；大方→(反義詞)________ adj.吝嗇的 18．________ adj.不公平的；不公正的→________ n．不公平→(反義詞)________ adj.公平的 vote voter selfish selfishness selfless selflessness equal equality inequality generous generosity mean unfair unfairness fair

　　19．________ vt.獻身；專心于(與to連用)→________ adj.忠實的；深愛的→________ n．獻身；忠誠 20．________ vt.教育→________ adj.受過教育的；有教養的→(反義詞)__________ adj.無知的；未受過教育的→________ n．教育→________ n．教育家 devote devoted devotion educate educated uneducated education educator B．歸類巧記 1．表示“人物特點”的形容詞全掃描 ①generous 慷慨的 ②energetic

　　有活力的 ③intelligent

　　聰明的 ④ambitious

　　有雄心壯志的 ⑤confident

　　有信心的 ⑥creative

　　富有創造力的 ⑦devoted

　　有獻身精神的 ⑧enthusiastic

　　充滿熱情的 ⑨warm-hearted

　　熱心腸的 ⑩active

　　積極的；活躍的 2．quality相關詞一覽 ①qualify vt.

　　使合格 ②qualification n.

　　資格 ③quantity n.

　　數量 3．后綴-ance高頻名詞全接觸 ①guidance

　　指導；領導 ②importance

　　重要；重要性 ③ignorance

　　無知；愚昧 ④significance

　　意義；重要性 ⑤appearance

　　出現 ⑥tolerance

　　寬容；容忍 ⑦elegance

　　優美；高雅 Ⅱ.高頻短語 1．喪失勇氣或信心 ________ 2．處于麻煩中 ________ 3．擔心 ________ 4．失業 ________ 5．事實上 ________ 6．使充氣；使爆炸 ________ 7．把……投進監獄 ________ 8．當權 ________ 9．設立；建立 ________ 10．實現某人……的夢想 ________ lose heart in trouble worry about out of work as a matter of fact blow up put ...into prison come into power set up realize one's dream of 11．在……中活躍 ________ 12．致力于 ________ 13．以和平的方式 ________ 14．對……抱有希望 ________ 15．愿意…… ________ 16．求助于 ________ 17．積極參與 ________ 18．被判處…… ________ 19．能勝任 ________ 20．投票支持 ________ be active in be devoted to in a peaceful way feel/be hopeful about/of... be willing to... turn to take an active part in be sentenced to... be equal to vote for Ⅲ.佳句填空 1．He _____ _____ _____ his time, for ______ I was grateful. 他十分慷慨地給予我時間，我為此非常感激。 2．I worried about ________ I would become out of work. 我擔心我會不會失業。 3．The last thirty years ________(see)the greatest number of laws ________(stop) our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage ________ we have almost no rights at all. 過去的三十年來所出現的大量法律剝奪了我們的權利，阻擋我們的進步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權利都沒有的階段。 4．Only then ________ we decide to answer violence ________ violence. 只有到了這個時候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。 5．I did not work again for twenty years ________ Mr.Mandela and the ANC ________ ________ ________ in 1994. 在曼德拉先生和非洲國民大會于1994年掌政之前，我有20年沒有工作。

　　答案：1.was generous with; which　2.whether　3.have seen; stopping; where　4.did; with　5.until; came into power Ⅳ.語法過關 定語從句(Ⅱ) 1．Xiamen is regarded as a city ________ traditional culture is well combined with a modern lifestyle. 答案：where　考查定語從句。句意為：廈門被認為是一個傳統文化和現代生活方式完美結合的城市。分析句子結構可知，空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞a city，并在從句中作地點狀語，所以用關系副詞where引導該定語從句。 2．They stood on the top of the high building, from ________ they could see the whole city. 答案：where　考查定語從句。根據句意可知，從那個高樓的頂部能看見整個城市，此處from where相當于from on the top of the high building。 3．He met Rachel at her college graduation ceremony in 2008，________ he was later to marry. 答案：whom　考查定語從句。句意為：他是在2008年Rachel的大學畢業典禮上認識她的，后來娶她為妻。分析句子成分可知，空處引導定語從句。先行詞為Rachel，在從句中作marry的賓語，故用whom引導。 4．The band was very successful in the seventies, most of ________ members were in their twenties. 答案：whose　考查定語從句。分析句子成分可知，空處引導定語從句，在從句中作定語，故用whose。 5．In moments when you're feeling down，read what you wrote previously，________ will help uplift your spirits. 答案：which　考查定語從句。句意為：當你情緒低落的時候，讀一讀你先前寫下的東西，這會幫助你情緒高昂。which引導非限制性定語從句，指代前面整個句子的內容。 Ⅴ.語篇填空 My name is Elias. I am ①________ poor black worker in South Africa. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to ②________ I went for advice. He offered ③________(guide) to poor black people on their legal problems. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. I needed his help ④________ I had very little education. I began school at six. The school ⑤________ I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees ⑥________ the bus fare. I could not read or write well. ⑦________ trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook ⑧________(live) in Johannesburg. Sadly I did not have ⑨________ because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I ⑩________(become) out of work. 答案：①a　②whom?、踘uidance　④because?、輜here?、轪nd?、逜fter?、鄑o live　⑨one?、鈝ould become 考點探究演練 1.devote vt. 獻身于；致力于 歸納拓展 (1)devote ... to ... 把……獻給……

　　be devoted to ... 致力于……；專心于……

　　(2)devoted adj. 深愛的；忠實的 devotion n. 奉獻；忠誠 溫馨提示： 含介詞to的短語： be/get used/accustomed to習慣于 lead to 導致 pay attention to 注意 object to 反對 be opposed to 反對 look forward to 期望 get down to 開始認真做 stick to 堅持 (2)句型轉換。 She devoted herself to practicing for ten years and became one of the world's best long-distance swimmers. ①____________________(改為現在分詞短語作原因狀語) ②____________________(改為過去分詞短語作原因狀語) 答案：(1)①setting?、趐reparing?、踒eing caught　④was devoted (2)①Devoting herself to practicing for ten years, she became one of the world's best long-distance swimmers. ②Devoted to practicing for ten years, she became one of the world's best long-distance swimmers. 2．reward n. 報酬；獎賞；回報　vt. 報答；獎勵 歸納拓展 (1)reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而報答某人 reward sb. with sth. 用……犒賞某人 (2)as a reward for 作為回饋/酬謝/獎賞 ask no reward 不計報酬 give/offer/pay/put up a reward to sb. for sth. 因某事而給某人報酬 earn/enjoy/get/obtain/receive reward for sth. 因某事而得到報答或報酬 in reward (for) 作為(對……的)報答 辨析　award/reward 詞語 名詞含義 動詞含義 award 獎品，獎金，與prize用法相似 意為“授予、頒發”，常用搭配：award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb. reward 報酬、獎金或一些非金錢類的報酬 多指因對方的工作、服務、幫助而給予的報酬或獎賞，常用搭配：reward sb. for (doing) sth. ③Youyou Tu ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ for discovering artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin, making her one of the greatest women in the world. 因為發現青蒿素，屠呦呦被授予諾貝爾醫學獎，她成為了世界上的偉大女性之一。 答案：①as a reward for his service　②a reward of $500?、踳as rewarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine 3．escape n. & vi. 逃脫；逃走；泄露　vt. 逃脫 歸納拓展 (1)escape from 從……逃離 escape doing sth. 逃避做某事 escape one's notice/memory 逃過某人的注意/被某人遺忘 (2)have a narrow escape＝narrowly escape from being killed 九死一生；幸免于難 make one's escape from 逃離；逃脫

　?、跮ast year I ________ ________ ________ ________， and I don't want to risk my life a second time. 去年我死里逃生，我不想再冒險。 答案：①escapes being caught?、趀scape being punished(＝punishment)?、踙ad a narrow escape