3年高考2年模擬1年原創(chuàng)精品系列

　　專題10

　　定語從句

　　【2024年高考命題預(yù)測】

　　高考研究定語從句是英語三大類從句中最難的一類，其難點主要在于很多學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)時分不清先行詞，不能正確使用關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞。因此在學(xué)習(xí)定語從句時，務(wù)必搞清定語從句的概念、關(guān)系詞的正確選擇和使用情況等。

　　預(yù)測今后高考定語從句的考查還將是對關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的考查。

　　2024考綱解讀和近幾年考點分布

　　考綱要求

　　定語從句是高考的熱點，對于定語從句考綱要求掌握以下內(nèi)容：1.引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞；2.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞；3.限制性與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別；4.介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法；5.不定代詞/數(shù)詞+of which/whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句及其該結(jié)構(gòu)與并列句的判斷；6.關(guān)系詞之間的異同現(xiàn)象及選用。

　　命題規(guī)律

　　一、主要考查關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的正確運用，特別是它們在非限制性定語從句中的運用。

　　二、高考對定語從句的考查仍將不會單純考查其語法結(jié)構(gòu)，而是將其融入一定的語境中來考查考生的實際綜合運用能力。

　　【考點pk】

　　名師考點透析

　　考點1：關(guān)系代詞一覽表

　　關(guān)系詞 先行詞 從句

　　成分 例句 備注

　　關(guān)系代詞 who 人 主語 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在從句中做賓語時，常可以省略，但介詞提前時后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用that

　　whom 人 賓語 Mr. Smith i s the person with whom I am working

　　The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..

　　whose 人，物 定語 I like those books whose topics are about history.

　　The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate.

　　that 人，物 主語

　　賓語 A plane is a machine that can fly.

　　She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.

　　which 物 主語

　　賓語 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.

　　The picture which was about the accident was terrible.

　　as 人，物 主語

　　賓語 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.

　　This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.

　　as做賓語一般不省略

　　關(guān)系副詞 when 時間 時間

　　狀語 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which

　　where 地點 地點

　　狀語 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which

　　why 原因 原因

　　狀語 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which

　　考點2：that與which，who，whom的用法區(qū)別

　　that和which的用法區(qū)別:

　　在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞which和 that都可指物，一般情況下，可以互換使用。但在下列情況下值得注意：

　　(3) 當(dāng)先行詞由形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時，只能用that。如：

　　This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 這是我讀過的最有趣的書。

　　(4) 當(dāng)先行詞同時包括人和物時，只能用that。如：

　　Luxun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great. 人們認(rèn)為我們所熟識的魯迅及其作品都很偉大。

　　(5) 當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作表語時，只能用that。如：

　　This is a book that I have been looking for since last week. 這就是那本自上周以來我一直在尋找的書。

　　(3) 先行詞為代詞that或that所修飾時，只能用which。如：

　　I don’t take that which is too expensive. 我不要太貴的那一個。

　　who (whom) 和that的用法區(qū)別詳解:

　　在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞who (whom) 和that都可指人和物，在一般情況下，可以互換使用，但在下列情況下值得注意：

　　一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形

　　(1) 在非限制性定語從句中的先行詞指人時，只能用who (whom)。如：

　　My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. 我姐姐，她在國外學(xué)習(xí)，就在圣誕節(jié)前給我寄來了漂亮的禮物。

　　(2) 當(dāng)定語從句對指人的先行詞進(jìn)行隔位修飾時，只能用who (whom)。如：

　　Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你認(rèn)識黑板前面正在給學(xué)生們講話的那位女孩子嗎？

　　(3) 當(dāng)先行詞為people和those時，只能用who (whom)。如：

　　Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那兒的人請來這邊。

　　(4) 當(dāng)先行詞為one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 時，只能用who (whom)。如：

　　Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反對我們的人就是我們的敵人。

　　(5) 先行詞指人，而關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，一般多用who。如：

　　The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天來這兒的那個人說過幾天他會再來。

　　二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形

　　(1)

　　當(dāng)先行詞前面有形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時，引導(dǎo)詞只能用that。如：

　　The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong. 在為我們隊踢足球的最高哪個運動員來自山東。

　　(2) 當(dāng)先行詞前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very形容詞修飾時，引導(dǎo)詞只能用that。如：

　　He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher. 他是唯一的一個對老師說“不”的學(xué)生

　　(3) 當(dāng)主句是以who開頭的特殊疑問句時，引導(dǎo)詞只能用that。如：

　　Who is woman that you talked with just now? 剛才跟你談話的那位婦女是誰？

　　(4) the same as與the same that

　　the same as所引導(dǎo)定語從句的內(nèi)容與先行詞同類而不同物；the same that表示所引導(dǎo)的從句內(nèi)容與先行詞同類同物，即：同一事物。如：

　　She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago. 她正穿著我?guī)滋烨八鶃G失的上衣。(暗含：她偷了我的上衣)

　　She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago. 她正穿著跟我?guī)滋烨八鶃G失的上衣同樣的上衣。(暗含：她所穿的上衣不是我所丟失的那一件)

　　考點3

　　關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

　　1、關(guān)系副詞一覽表

　　關(guān)系副詞 when 時間 時間

　　狀語 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which

　　where 地點 地點

　　狀語 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which

　　why 原因 原因

　　狀語 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which

　　②He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane．他發(fā)現(xiàn)他陷入了危險的境地，他有可能會失去對飛機的控制。

　　1．概述

　　“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句多用于正式文體，使用的關(guān)系代詞一般是which，whom，它既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，又可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。常見的有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　(1)介詞+關(guān)系代詞

　　Mandela was the black lawyer to whom 1 went for advice．=Mandela was the black lawyer whom 1 went to for advice．曼德拉是我尋求幫助的一位黑人律師。

　　(2)名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞

　　①Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels．=Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，of which three were English novels．上個星期天，我從書店買回幾本書，其中三本是英文小說。

　　②He wrote a book，the name of which I’ve completely forgotten．他寫了一本書，書名我完全給忘記了。

　　③The old man has two daughters．both of whom are doctors．那位老人有兩個女兒，她們都是醫(yī)生。

　　(3)形容詞最高級+介詞+關(guān)系代詞

　　China has thousands of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan．中國有成千上萬的島嶼，其中最大的是臺灣。

　　(4)介詞+關(guān)系代詞+名詞

　　I called him by the wrong name．for which mistake I apologized．我叫錯了他的名字，為此我向他表示了歉意。(不能使用whose)

　　2．關(guān)系代詞的選擇

　　用于”介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞指人時只能用whom，指物時只能用which，即介詞+which/whom。

　　【三年高考】

　　1、1高考試題及其解析

　　【單項填空】

　　1.【2024·北京】22. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.

　　A. whose

　　B. why

　　C. where

　　D. which

　　8.【2024·江蘇】23.Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.

　　A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those

　　12.【2024·天津】9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.

　　A. that

　　B. where

　　C. which

　　D. when

　　16.【2024·浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved.

　　A. whom

　　B. which

　　C. what

　　D. that

　　【語法填空】

　　【2024·全國新課標(biāo)I】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　But my connection with pandas goes back ____64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter__66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.

　　【短文改錯】

　　【2024·四川】短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）

　　The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritiest

　　1.【2024·湖南】29.It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..

　　A. as

　　B. where C. that D. which

　　2.【2024·北京】24.Opposite is St.Paul's Church,___you can hear some lovely music.

　　A. which

　　B.that

　　C.when

　　D.where

　　3.【2024·重慶】14. He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of____ were published in the 1990s.

　　A. whom

　　B. which

　　C. them

　　D. that

　　4.【2024·浙江】19. Creating an atmosphere

　　employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.

　　A. as

　　B. whose

　　C. in which

　　D. at which

　　5.【2024·天津】15 The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.

　　A. where

　　B. which

　　C. when

　　D. who

　　6.【2024·四川】3.The books on the desk,

　　covers are shiny, are prizes for us.

　　A．which

　　B. what

　　C. whose

　　D. that

　　7.【2024·陜西】15. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time

　　he should be able to be independent.

　　A. which

　　B. where

　　C. whom

　　D. when

　　8.【2024·福建】34.China Today attracts a worldwide readership,_______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

　　A. who

　　B. whom

　　C. that

　　D. Which

　　9.【2024·江蘇】21.The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

　　A. it

　　B. which

　　C. what

　　D. as

　　10.【2024·安徽】28.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.

　　A. it

　　B. that

　　C. whose

　　D. which

　　2024年高考試題

　　’ll reach the sales targets in a month _______ we set at the beginning of the year.

　　A. which

　　B. where

　　C. when

　　D. what

　　2.【2024·北京卷】26. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ______ my classmates recommended to me..

　　A.who

　　B. which

　　C. when

　　D. Where

　　3.【2024·天津卷】12. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _________ uses it differently.

　　A. all of which

　　B. each of which

　　C. all of them

　　D. each of them

　　4.【2024·山東卷】10. A company ______profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

　　A. which

　　B. whose

　　C. who

　　D. why

　　5.【2024·江西卷】35. It was the middle of the night __ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.

　　A. that

　　B.

　　as

　　C.

　　which

　　D. when

　　6.【2024·四川卷】4. I now, we have raised 50.000 pounds for the poor children, ______ is quite unexpected.

　　A. that???? ???????????????B. which ?????????????

　　C. who??? ????????????? D. it

　　7.【2024·福建卷】31. Students should involve themselves in community activities

　　they can gain experience for growth.

　　A. who

　　B. when

　　C. which

　　D. where

　　8.【2024·江蘇卷】22. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.

　　A. which

　　B. when

　　C. as

　　D. where

　　9.【2024·陜西卷】13. Please send us all the information _________ you have about the candidate for the position.

　　A. that

　　B. which

　　C. as

　　D. what

　　10.【2024·安徽卷】22．The exact year

　　Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.

　　A. When

　　B. where

　　C. why

　　D. which

　　31.I am looking forward to the day

　　my daughter can read this book and know my

　　feelings for her.

　　A. as

　　B. why

　　C. when

　　D. where

　　12.【2024·浙江卷】5.?I don’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, ______ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck