重慶市2024高考英語閱讀理解選編（18）（附解析）?

　　閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。

　　(2024·西安市標準化考練，C)

　　On a visit to Japan, Wangari Maathai learned the story of the hummingbird (蜂鳥) and the

　　forest fire. While the other animals run in fear, the hummingbird flies above the fire time and

　　again, leaving a few drops of water from its beak.

　　“Why do you bother？” the other animals shout at the hummingbird. “I'm doing the best that

　　I can，” the hummingbird replies.

　　“It's such a beautiful story，” Ms. Maathai says, thinking of the world's environmental problems.

　　“There's always something we can do with our little beak like the little hummingbird.”

　　In 2004 Maathai was honored with a Nobel Peace Prize for her work founding the Green Belt

　　Movement (GBM), which hires villagers, especially women, to improve the environment. Since

　　then, she's realized that people's values are what inspire them. If the values are good ones, good

　　actions will follow.

　　?If you don't have good values, you'll develop vices (惡劣行徑)，” says Maathai. “And if we give

　　in to the vice, we destroy ourselves. We destroy the environment.” That's the message of her

　　new book.

　　In 1971, Maathai received a doctor's degree from the University of Nairobi, the largest

　　university in Kenya. She's now back in her homeland beginning work on the Wangari Maathai

　　Institute for Peace and Environmental Studies (WMI) at the University of Nairobi. “They want to

　　call it after me，” she says.

　　WMI will pay more attention to “learning by doing” and use knowledge to deal with real

　　problems. “What Africa needs is people who are willing to get their fingers dirty and work with

　　the people，” says Maathai.

　　Planting trees is one way people connect with the natural world. She continues to inspire

　　others. “There is no lasting peace until we have peace with the earth itself，” she says.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇報道。保護環境人人有責，文章主要講述了諾貝爾和平獎獲得者Maathai保護環境的一些具體活動以及她關于保護環境的一些看法。

　　1．Why does Wangari Maathai think highly of the hummingbird?

　　A．It can create water from its beak.

　　B．It helps the other animals run away.

　　C．It tries its best to put out the fire.

　　D．It finds out a way to save the forest.

　　答案：C　細節理解題。根據第二段中“I'm doing the best that I can”和第三段“... thinking of the world's environmental problems. ‘There's always something we can do with our little beak like the little hummingbird.’”可知，Maathai對蜂鳥評價很高的原因是蜂鳥會盡自己的全力去撲滅大火。故C項正確。

　　2．Those who work for GBM are mainly ________.

　　A．environmental experts

　　B．women villagers

　　C．people who had good values

　　D．people who love birds

　　答案：B　細節理解題。根據第四段第一句“... which hires villagers, especially women, to improve the environment.”可知，B項正確。

　　3．Which of the following is TRUE about Wangari Maathai?

　　A．She is from Japan.

　　B．She received a Nobel Prize.

　　C．She is a university teacher.

　　D．She has always raised the hummingbird.

　　答案：B　細節理解題。根據第四段第一句中“In 2004 Maathai was honored with a Nobel Peace Prize for her work founding the Green Belt Movement (GBM)”可知，B項正確。

　　4．According to Wangari Maathai, ________.

　　A．good actions lead to good values

　　B．people's values influence their actions

　　C．everybody has a possibility to develop vices

　　D．people who have bad values may have good actions

　　答案：B　細節理解題。根據第四段最后一句和第五段內容可知，Maathai認為，如果你沒有好的價值觀，就會有不良行為；如果我們屈從于錯誤的價值觀的話，就會傷害自己，破壞環境。故B項正確。

　　閱讀理解 (2024·江西八校聯考)

　　The forces that make Japan one of the world’s most earthquake-prone (有地震傾向的) countries could become part of its long-term energy solution.

　　Water from deep below the ground at Japan’s tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.

　　Although Japanese high-tech companies are leaders in geothermal (地熱的) technology and export it，its use is limited in the nation.

　　“Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said

　　Yoshiyasu Takefuji，a leading researcher of thermal-electric power production.

　　The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11,2011 caused a reaction against atomic power，which previously made up 30 percent of Japan’s energy needs，and increased interest in alternative energies，which accounted for only 8 percent.

　　Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy，following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs.

　　For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan，which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.

　　The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japan’s potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.

　　“We can’t even dig 10 cm inside national parks.” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric，adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.

　　Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，“Producing electricity using hot springs is a decades-long project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”

　　The Earth Policy Institute in Washington，US，believed Japan could produce 80 000 megawatts (兆瓦) and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.

　　Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology，with a 70 percent market share.In 2010，Fuji Electric built the world’s largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.

　　1．What would be the best title for the text?

　　A．Alternative energies in Japan

　　B．World’s largest geothermal plant

　　C．Japan takes the lead in geothermal technology

　　D．Japan thinks of geothermal energy

　　2．What percentage of Japan’s energy needs is geothermal energy?

　　A．About 8%.B．Below 1%.

　　C．Around 30%.D．Over 80%.

　　3．According to Shigeto Yamada，the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs________.

　　A．a change of rules B．financial support

　　C．local people’s help D．high technology

　　4．Geothermal energy is considered as a long-term program by________.

　　A．Yoshiyasu Takefuji

　　B．Hideaki Matsui

　　C．Shigeto Yamada

　　D．Yoko Ono

　　5．It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that________.

　　A．the world’s biggest geothermal plant was built by America

　　B．Japan will not export its geothermal technology

　　C．the potential of Japan’s geothermal energy is great

　　D．it is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan

　　語篇解讀　本文為一篇科普說明文。讓日本經常地震的一些自然力有可能會被轉化成日本長期可持續利用的清潔能源，即：地熱。本文對其進行了詳細介紹。

　　1．解析：　標題概括題。根據文章第三段的導入和倒數第三段最后一句“We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term”，以及對全文的整體理解可知，本文主要講的“日本正在考慮如何使用地熱”的問題，所以D項最適合做文章的標題。

　　答案：　D

　　2．解析：　細節理解題。根據文章第七段“For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan...”可知，答案B符合文意。

　　答案：　B

　　3．解析：　推理判斷題。根據文章倒數第四段中的“adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow”可推知，答案A符合文意。

　　答案：　A

　　4．解析：　細節理解題。根據文章倒數第三段“Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，Producing electricity using hot springs is a decades-long project...”可知，答案B符合文意。

　　答案：　B

　　5．解析：　推理判斷題。根據對文章最后兩段的整體理解可知，日本的地熱能源潛力巨大。

　　答案：　C

　　Almost everyone has experienced anxiety at some time in their lives，and to do so is not only probably quite sensible，too.In some sense，the feeling of anxiety is like a signal to us that we need to take action.If we are walking alone down a dark street and start to feel anxious，we might think，“This is getting frightening.I think I’ll nip into the pub and call a cab.” so we will do something to get ourselves somewhere safe.If we have an exam coming up，we are likely to start feeling anxious.We might think，“I can’t pretend it’s not happening.I’ve got to revise or I’ll totally mess up.” Once again，anxiety can guide us to behave in a way that is in our best interests.

　　However，anxiety can also imprison us.It stops us from doing what we would like to do and living our life fully.Feeling anxious is undoubtedly a fact of life，so our goal is not to live an anxiety-free life but to live our life with acceptable levels of anxiety in a full way.

　　Anxiety can be abnormal when it starts to take over our thinking processes and our lives，and makes it difficult for us to function.It is likely that people who experience extreme and upsetting levels of continual anxiety are suffering from a disorder called Generalised Anxiety Disorder(GAD)．

　　The most important feature of GAD is that people experience quite severe anxiety and worry about a wide range of things over long periods of time.Other symptoms include finding it difficult to control the worry，getting easily tired，difficulty concentrating and sleep disturbance.

　　People with GAD tend to worry about the same kinds of things as people without GAD—only they fall into worrying more easily and tend to spend more time worrying.Research suggests that our worry tends to cluster around particular themes including our health，finances，relationships，family，work and finally，worry about worrying.

　　Some worries are realistic(“real event” worries)．For example，if I worry about the size of my credit card bill，then this problem exists and my worry arises from a real problem.Some worries are about things that may never happen(“hypothetical event” worries)．Sometimes，real event worries spiral(螺旋形上升) into hypothetical event worries.For example，“My neighbors are noisy” could spiral into “I’ll never be able to sell the house.I’ll be stuck here for ever.”

　　Even though you may always have tended to worry，you can still learn to understand it and get on the top of it.Extreme worry is not a part of your personality，and it’s not something that you should accept as unavoidable.

　　1．According to the passage，a person with GAD may

　　.

　　A．try to do something to get himself somewhere safe

　　B．focus his mind fully on what he is determined to do

　　C．be anxious about one special thing for a long time

　　D．be continuously worrying about some particular things

　　2．It can be inferred from the passage that

　　.

　　A．GAD can hardly be cured once one suffers from it

　　B．anxiety actually has both positive and negative sides

　　C．most people have experienced different levels of GAD

　　D．hypothetical event worries are mostly from real event worries

　　3．The difference between people with GAD and normal people lies in

　　.

　　A．whether they feel worried

　　B．what they worry about

　　C．how they experience anxiety

　　D．why they get into anxiety

　　4．Which would be the proper title for the passage?

　　A．Anxiety：Learn to Understand It

　　B．GAD：Learn to Keep Away from It

　　C．How to Get Rid of Your Anxiety

　　D．How to Distinguish Anxiety from GAD

　　1．D　

　　2．B　

　　3．C　

　　4．A　

　　閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項中(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。(2024·福建)

　　Life can be so wonderful，full of adventure and joy.It can also be full of challenges，setbacks(挫折) and heartbreaks.Whatever our circumstances，we generally still have dreams，hopes and desires—that little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones.Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem，because when we go to change the way we do things，up come the old patterns and pitfalls(陷阱) that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.

　　This tension between what we feel we can have and what we're seemingly able to have is the niggling(煩人的) suffering，the anxiety we feel.This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up.But we're never meant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have more.The intelligence behind that knowing is us—the real us.It's the part that believes in life and its possibilities.If you drop that，you begin to feel a little “dead” inside because you're dropping “you”．

　　So，if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck，how do we break these patterns?

　　Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time.This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through today's challenges.

　　While，deep down，we know we can do it，our mind—or the minds of those close to us—usually says we can't.That isn't a reason to stop; it's just the mind，that little man or woman on your shoulder，trying to talk you out of something again.It has done it many times before.It's all about starting simple and doing it now.

　　Decide and act before overthinking.When you do this you may feel a little，or large，release_from_the_jail_of_your_mind and you'll be on your way.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇說明文，作者介紹了在我們想要放棄的時候改變這種模式的一種方法就是重新選擇目標并且迅速做出決定。

　?。甀t can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should ________.

　　A．slow down and live a simple life

　　B．be careful when we choose to change

　　C．stick to our dreams under any circumstances

　　D．be content with what we already have

　　答案：C　細節理解題。文章第一段第三句Whatever our circumstances，we generally still have dreams，hopes and desires說不管在什么情況下，我們仍然有著夢想、希望和欲望。以及第二段最后一句If you drop that，you begin to feel a little “dead”inside because you're dropping “you”．如果你放棄了，你的內心會變得了無生機，因為你放下了你自己。故選C。

　?。甒hat is the key to breaking the old patterns?

　　A．To focus on every detail.

　　B．To decide and take immediate action.

　　C．To listen to those close to us.

　　D．To think twice before we act.

　　答案：B　細節理解題。根據倒數第三段第一句Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time.可以知道為了打破舊格局需要決定一個新目標并且立刻做出決定。故選B。