2024屆高考英語一輪復習 語篇微寫作強化系列Test10精選導學案 北師大版

　　Ⅰ.閱讀理解

　　A

　　There are two types of people in the world.Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other comforts of life，one becomes happy and the other becomes unhappy.This arises from the different ways in which they consider things，persons，events and the resulting effects upon their minds.

　　People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things：the pleasant parts of conversation，the well prepared dishes，the goodness of the wine and the fine weather.They enjoy all the cheerful things.Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things.Therefore，they are continually dissatisfied.By their remarks，they sour_the_pleasure_of_society，offend(hurt) many people，and make themselves disagreeable everywhere.If this turn of mind was founded in nature，such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied.The intention of criticizing and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation(模仿)．It grows into a habit，unknown to its possessors.The habit may be strong，but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes.I hope this little warning may be of service to them，and help them change this habit.

　　Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination，it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck.Those people offend many others; nobody loves them，and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect.This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments.If they aim at getting some advantages in social position or fortune，nobody wishes them success.Nor will anyone start a step or speak a word to favor their hopes.If they bring on themselves public objections，no one will defend or excuse them，and many will join to criticize their wrongdoings.These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing，without worrying needlessly about themselves and others.If they do not，it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them.Otherwise，it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient，especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.

　　1．People who are unhappy ________.

　　A．always consider things differently from others

　　B．usually are affected by the results of certain things

　　C．usually misunderstand what others think or say

　　D．always discover the unpleasant side of certain things

　　答案　D

　　解析　推理判斷題。從第二段“Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things.”可以看出另一些人為什么感到不幸福。

　　2．The underlined phrase “sour the pleasure of society” in Paragraph 2 most nearly means “________”．

　　A．have a good taste with social life

　　B．make others unhappy

　　C．tend so scold others openly

　　D．enjoy the pleasure of life

　　答案　B

　　解析　詞義猜測題。從該短語后的“...offend (hurt) many people，and make themselves disagreeable everywhere”可以猜出“sour the pleasure of society”的正確含義。

　　3．We can conclude from the passage that ________.

　　A．we should pity all such unhappy people

　　B．such unhappy people are dangerous to social life

　　C．people can get rid of the habit of unhappiness

　　D．unhappy people can not understand happy persons

　　答案　C

　　解析　推理判斷題。從第二段中倒數第二句話“The habit may be strong，but it may be cured...”可以判斷出人們可以改變不幸福的脾性。

　　4．If such unhappy persons insist on keeping the habit，the author suggests that people should ________.

　　A．prevent any communication with them

　　B．show no respect and politeness to them

　　C．persuade them to recognize the bad effects

　　D．quarrel with them until they realize the mistakes

　　答案　A

　　解析　推理判斷題。從第三段的倒數第二句話可以看出作者的態度。

　　5．In this passage，the writer mainly ________.

　　A．describes two types of people

　　B．laughs at the unhappy people

　　C．suggests the unhappy people should get rid of the habits of unhappiness

　　D．tells people how to be happy in life

　　答案　C

　　解析　主旨大意題。本文主要講的是那些感覺不幸福的人處處冒犯別人，若長此以往，則只能處于被孤立的境地，所以他們應改變自己的習慣。

　　B

　　A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes，as a rule，to have it retold in almost the same words，but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts.It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book，and，if a parent can produce what，in the actual situation of the time and the child，is an improvement on the printed text，so much the better.

　　A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking.To prove the latter，one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not.As to fears，there are，I think，some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story.Often，however，this arises from the child having heard the story once.Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.

　　There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true，that giants，witches，two-headed dragons，magic carpets，etc.do not exist; and that，instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales，the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history.I find such people，I must say so peculiar(奇怪的) that I do not know how to argue with them.If their cases were sound，the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girlfriend.

　　No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.

　　6．The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is ________.

　　A．repeated without any change

　　B．treated as a joke

　　C．made some changes by the parent

　　D．set in the present

　　答案　C

　　解析　細節理解題。根據“It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book，and，if a parent can produce what，in the actual situation of the time and the child，is an improvement on the printed text，so much the better.”可推知此題答案為C項。

　　7．According to the passage，great fear can take place in a child when the story is ________.

　　A．in a realistic setting

　　B．heard for the first time

　　C．repeated too often

　　D．told in a different way

　　答案　B

　　解析　細節理解題。根據“this arises(出現) from the child having heard the story once”可推知此題答案為B項。

　　8．The advantage claimed(提出) for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it ________.

　　A．makes them less fearful

　　B．develops their power of memory

　　C．makes them believe there is nothing to be afraid of

　　D．encourages them not to have strange beliefs

　　答案　A

　　解析　細節理解題。根據“Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.”可以得出答案。

　　9．The author’s mention of sticks and telephones is meant to suggest that ________.

　　A．fairy stories are still being made up

　　B．there is some misunderstanding about fairy tales

　　C．people try to modernize old fairy stories

　　D．there is more concern for children’s fears nowadays

　　答案　B

　　解析　推理判斷題。有些人認為神話不現實，都是教孩子一些不存在的東西，會對孩子有不好的影響。作者用虛擬語氣作了一個假設，如果這些觀點站得住腳的話，可能會出現這樣的情況：the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl-friend.可見持這種觀點的人實際上是對神話的一種誤解。

　　10．One of the reasons why some people are not in favor of fairy tales is that ________.

　　A．they are full of imagination

　　B．they just make up the stories which are far from the truth

　　C．they are not interesting

　　D．they make teachers of history difficult to teach

　　答案　B

　　解析　推理判斷題。根據“...not objectively true...do not exist”可知有些人不贊成神話故事的原因是這些故事是編出來的，遠離現實。故選B項。

　　Ⅱ.微寫作

　　寫作素材

　　1．在教師節的那一天，我們舉辦了一個晚會。

　　2．會上班長向班主任敬獻了準備好了的鮮花。

　　3．我們知道，對于老師的辛勤工作與指導，再怎么感謝她也不為過。

　　(素材來源于2024·陜西·書面表達)

　　提示：盡量使用高級表達：非限制性定語從句；過去分詞作定語；賓語從句等。

　　連句成篇(將以上句子連成一篇50詞左右的英語短文)

　　On Teachers’ Day，we held a party，where our monitor presented our head-teacher with the prepared flowers.We all know we can’t thank her enough for all her hard work and guidance.

　　1．equal adj.平等的　equality n．平等　be equal to sb.in...在……方面和某人平等　have no equal無敵

　　2．service n．服務　serve v．服務；服役　be of service to sb.對某人有用　do sb.a service幫某人一個忙　be at one’s service任某人隨意使用　It serves sb.right活該

　　3．fix attention on集中注意力于　fix one’s eyes on注視著　focus on集中

　　4．aim at doing...針對……　with the aim of目的是……　take aim瞄準　be aimed at旨在……

　　5．The habit may be strong，but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes.

　　該句是由but連接的并列句，在后半句中包含一個由when引導的時間狀語從句，在該從句中又出現一個由who引導的定語從句，修飾those。

　　學會一種單詞記憶法

　　17．歌曲記憶：通過唱英語歌曲記憶單詞，“聽霸”“聽力超人”等軟件中有許多英文歌曲，并配有歌詞和譯文。

　　18．復習記憶：單詞記住了，很快會忘掉，每隔一段時間要進行復習，鞏固所學單詞。

　　如何做細節理解題？

　　細節性問題有兩種基本形式：完全式和不完全式。例如：

　　(1)What were things like in the 1980s when accidents happened？(完全式)

　　(2) The Sun’s light travels slowly when ________.(不完全式)

　　本節中的10個題全部是不完全式。

　　做細節性問題時需要注意以下幾個方面：

　　1．每篇文章不論長短都有其中心思想，用以支持和發展中心思想的具體信息就是命題時的重要依據。答題時，學生要圍繞中心思想，特別留意閱讀材料中的有關數字、時間、專有名詞、原因和特點等的具體信息。

　　2．題干中的標識語是從閱讀材料中快速尋找答題依據的“路標”。最常見的就是用引號所標識的關鍵詞或標明的標識語所在的具體行數。例如：The author’s attitude toward “most economists in the United States” can best be described as ________.。另外，題干中的地名、人名、數字、日期、專有名詞等也是尋找正確答案的路標。像第8題題干中的repeating fairy stories to young children，第9題題干中的sticks and telephones 就是標識語，它有助于我們快速地找到該題在文章中所出現的具體位置，縮短答題時間。做這種題型往往需要運用檢索閱讀方法(scanning)，即要注意題干中的標識語，帶著問題有的放矢地在閱讀材料中尋找某一個特定信息(日期、數字、專有名詞等)的具體位置。學生不必逐行閱讀，也不必考慮文章的結構布局。Scanning的具體步驟為：(1)要時刻記住所要尋找的特定信息；(2)應該快速沿紙頁或欄目自上而下掃視，時刻期待著相關信息的出現；(3)必要時可適當停留，辨別是否找到了特定的信息。

　　2024屆高考英語一輪復習 語篇微寫作強化系列Test10精選導學案 北師大版

　　Ⅰ.閱讀理解

　　A

　　There are two types of people in the world.Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other comforts of life，one becomes happy and the other becomes unhappy.This arises from the different ways in which they consider things，persons，events and the resulting effects upon their minds.

　　People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things：the pleasant parts of conversation，the well prepared dishes，the goodness of the wine and the fine weather.They enjoy all the cheerful things.Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things.Therefore，they are continually dissatisfied.By their remarks，they sour_the_pleasure_of_society，offend(hurt) many people，and make themselves disagreeable everywhere.If this turn of mind was founded in nature，such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied.The intention of criticizing and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation(模仿)．It grows into a habit，unknown to its possessors.The habit may be strong，but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes.I hope this little warning may be of service to them，and help them change this habit.

　　Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination，it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck.Those people offend many others; nobody loves them，and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect.This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments.If they aim at getting some advantages in social position or fortune，nobody wishes them success.Nor will anyone start a step or speak a word to favor their hopes.If they bring on themselves public objections，no one will defend or excuse them，and many will join to criticize their wrongdoings.These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing，without worrying needlessly about themselves and others.If they do not，it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them.Otherwise，it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient，especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.

　　1．People who are unhappy ________.

　　A．always consider things differently from others

　　B．usually are affected by the results of certain things

　　C．usually misunderstand what others think or say

　　D．always discover the unpleasant side of certain things

　　答案　D

　　解析　推理判斷題。從第二段“Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things.”可以看出另一些人為什么感到不幸福。

　　2．The underlined phrase “sour the pleasure of society” in Paragraph 2 most nearly means “________”．

　　A．have a good taste with social life

　　B．make others unhappy

　　C．tend so scold others openly

　　D．enjoy the pleasure of life

　　答案　B

　　解析　詞義猜測題。從該短語后的“...offend (hurt) many people，and make themselves disagreeable everywhere”可以猜出“sour the pleasure of society”的正確含義。

　　3．We can conclude from the passage that ________.

　　A．we should pity all such unhappy people

　　B．such unhappy people are dangerous to social life

　　C．people can get rid of the habit of unhappiness

　　D．unhappy people can not understand happy persons

　　答案　C

　　解析　推理判斷題。從第二段中倒數第二句話“The habit may be strong，but it may be cured...”可以判斷出人們可以改變不幸福的脾性。

　　4．If such unhappy persons insist on keeping the habit，the author suggests that people should ________.

　　A．prevent any communication with them

　　B．show no respect and politeness to them

　　C．persuade them to recognize the bad effects

　　D．quarrel with them until they realize the mistakes

　　答案　A

　　解析　推理判斷題。從第三段的倒數第二句話可以看出作者的態度。

　　5．In this passage，the writer mainly ________.

　　A．describes two types of people

　　B．laughs at the unhappy people

　　C．suggests the unhappy people should get rid of the habits of unhappiness

　　D．tells people how to be happy in life

　　答案　C

　　解析　主旨大意題。本文主要講的是那些感覺不幸福的人處處冒犯別人，若長此以往，則只能處于被孤立的境地，所以他們應改變自己的習慣。

　　B

　　A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes，as a rule，to have it retold in almost the same words，but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts.It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book，and，if a parent can produce what，in the actual situation of the time and the child，is an improvement on the printed text，so much the better.

　　A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking.To prove the latter，one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not.As to fears，there are，I think，some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story.Often，however，this arises from the child having heard the story once.Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.

　　There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true，that giants，witches，two-headed dragons，magic carpets，etc.do not exist; and that，instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales，the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history.I find such people，I must say so peculiar(奇怪的) that I do not know how to argue with them.If their cases were sound，the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girlfriend.

　　No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.

　　6．The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is ________.

　　A．repeated without any change

　　B．treated as a joke

　　C．made some changes by the parent

　　D．set in the present

　　答案　C

　　解析　細節理解題。根據“It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book，and，if a parent can produce what，in the actual situation of the time and the child，is an improvement on the printed text，so much the better.”可推知此題答案為C項。

　　7．According to the passage，great fear can take place in a child when the story is ________.

　　A．in a realistic setting

　　B．heard for the first time

　　C．repeated too often

　　D．told in a different way

　　答案　B

　　解析　細節理解題。根據“this arises(出現) from the child having heard the story once”可推知此題答案為B項。

　　8．The advantage claimed(提出) for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it ________.

　　A．makes them less fearful

　　B．develops their power of memory

　　C．makes them believe there is nothing to be afraid of

　　D．encourages them not to have strange beliefs

　　答案　A

　　解析　細節理解題。根據“Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.”可以得出答案。

　　9．The author’s mention of sticks and telephones is meant to suggest that ________.

　　A．fairy stories are still being made up

　　B．there is some misunderstanding about fairy tales

　　C．people try to modernize old fairy stories

　　D．there is more concern for children’s fears nowadays

　　答案　B

　　解析　推理判斷題。有些人認為神話不現實，都是教孩子一些不存在的東西，會對孩子有不好的影響。作者用虛擬語氣作了一個假設，如果這些觀點站得住腳的話，可能會出現這樣的情況：the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl-friend.可見持這種觀點的人實際上是對神話的一種誤解。

　　10．One of the reasons why some people are not in favor of fairy tales is that ________.

　　A．they are full of imagination

　　B．they just make up the stories which are far from the truth

　　C．they are not interesting

　　D．they make teachers of history difficult to teach

　　答案　B

　　解析　推理判斷題。根據“...not objectively true...do not exist”可知有些人不贊成神話故事的原因是這些故事是編出來的，遠離現實。故選B項。

　　Ⅱ.微寫作

　　寫作素材

　　1．在教師節的那一天，我們舉辦了一個晚會。

　　2．會上班長向班主任敬獻了準備好了的鮮花。

　　3．我們知道，對于老師的辛勤工作與指導，再怎么感謝她也不為過。

　　(素材來源于2024·陜西·書面表達)

　　提示：盡量使用高級表達：非限制性定語從句；過去分詞作定語；賓語從句等。

　　連句成篇(將以上句子連成一篇50詞左右的英語短文)

　　On Teachers’ Day，we held a party，where our monitor presented our head-teacher with the prepared flowers.We all know we can’t thank her enough for all her hard work and guidance.

　　1．equal adj.平等的　equality n．平等　be equal to sb.in...在……方面和某人平等　have no equal無敵

　　2．service n．服務　serve v．服務；服役　be of service to sb.對某人有用　do sb.a service幫某人一個忙　be at one’s service任某人隨意使用　It serves sb.right活該

　　3．fix attention on集中注意力于　fix one’s eyes on注視著　focus on集中

　　4．aim at doing...針對……　with the aim of目的是……　take aim瞄準　be aimed at旨在……

　　5．The habit may be strong，but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes.

　　該句是由but連接的并列句，在后半句中包含一個由when引導的時間狀語從句，在該從句中又出現一個由who引導的定語從句，修飾those。

　　學會一種單詞記憶法

　　17．歌曲記憶：通過唱英語歌曲記憶單詞，“聽霸”“聽力超人”等軟件中有許多英文歌曲，并配有歌詞和譯文。

　　18．復習記憶：單詞記住了，很快會忘掉，每隔一段時間要進行復習，鞏固所學單詞。

　　如何做細節理解題？

　　細節性問題有兩種基本形式：完全式和不完全式。例如：

　　(1)What were things like in the 1980s when accidents happened？(完全式)

　　(2) The Sun’s light travels slowly when ________.(不完全式)

　　本節中的10個題全部是不完全式。

　　做細節性問題時需要注意以下幾個方面：

　　1．每篇文章不論長短都有其中心思想，用以支持和發展中心思想的具體信息就是命題時的重要依據。答題時，學生要圍繞中心思想，特別留意閱讀材料中的有關數字、時間、專有名詞、原因和特點等的具體信息。

　　2．題干中的標識語是從閱讀材料中快速尋找答題依據的“路標”。最常見的就是用引號所標識的關鍵詞或標明的標識語所在的具體行數。例如：The author’s attitude toward “most economists in the United States” can best be described as ________.。另外，題干中的地名、人名、數字、日期、專有名詞等也是尋找正確答案的路標。像第8題題干中的repeating fairy stories to young children，第9題題干中的sticks and telephones 就是標識語，它有助于我們快速地找到該題在文章中所出現的具體位置，縮短答題時間。做這種題型往往需要運用檢索閱讀方法(scanning)，即要注意題干中的標識語，帶著問題有的放矢地在閱讀材料中尋找某一個特定信息(日期、數字、專有名詞等)的具體位置。學生不必逐行閱讀，也不必考慮文章的結構布局。Scanning的具體步驟為：(1)要時刻記住所要尋找的特定信息；(2)應該快速沿紙頁或欄目自上而下掃視，時刻期待著相關信息的出現；(3)必要時可適當停留，辨別是否找到了特定的信息。