北京時(shí)間10月20日上午，美國(guó)大選第三場(chǎng)也是最后一場(chǎng)辯論如期上演。這一場(chǎng)又回歸到主持人提問(wèn)，兩人回答并自由辯論的模式，話題涉及移民、經(jīng)濟(jì)、ISIS、美國(guó)債務(wù)、最高法院大法官的提名以及兩位候選人是否能勝任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)。兩人本場(chǎng)的大部分交鋒都有點(diǎn)似曾相識(shí)，有些地方甚至還照搬了之前辯論中的原話，讓人頗感無(wú)味。最大的亮點(diǎn)大概就是主持人很直白地問(wèn)特朗普，他是否會(huì)接受最終的大選結(jié)果。特朗普沒(méi)有正面回答，只是說(shuō)：“I will tell you at the time, I will keep you in suspense.”到時(shí)候我再告訴你，先跟你賣個(gè)關(guān)子。不得不讓人遐想連篇。

言歸正傳，我們繼續(xù)跟著第三場(chǎng)辯論學(xué)英語(yǔ)。

1. Tremendous

其實(shí)，這個(gè)詞并不怎么值得講，但是，特朗普這三場(chǎng)辯論的發(fā)言中，這個(gè)詞出現(xiàn)的頻率非常高，當(dāng)然，他自己本身就喜歡一個(gè)詞說(shuō)三遍。所以，不如就拿出來(lái)說(shuō)一說(shuō)吧。

這個(gè)詞多用來(lái)表達(dá)“極”這個(gè)程度，尤指極大的，極好的。換句話說(shuō)，如果用形容詞的最高級(jí)形式還不足以表達(dá)你的意思，你就可以試試用tremendous。想看幾個(gè)例句學(xué)學(xué)用法？特朗普給了我們好多呢。

原話摘錄：

“Something happened recently where Justice Ginsburg made some very inappropriate statements toward me and toward a tremendous number of people.

最近有個(gè)事兒，金斯伯格大法官針對(duì)我和很多很多人發(fā)表了一些非常不妥的言論。”

“The justices that I am going to appoint will be pro-life. They will have a conservative bent. They will be protecting the second amendment. They are great scholars in all cases and they're people of tremendous respect.

我要提名的大法官們都將是珍視生命的，他們會(huì)傾向于保守，會(huì)保護(hù)第二修正案。他們是各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的偉大學(xué)者，是廣受尊敬的人。”

“Let me just tell you before we go any further, in Chicago, which has the toughest gun laws in the United States, probably you could say by far, they have more gun violence than any other city. So we have the toughest laws and you have tremendous gun violence.

在我們繼續(xù)討論之前，先讓我說(shuō)一句。芝加哥的控槍法案是美國(guó)最嚴(yán)厲的，不過(guò)目前為止，芝加哥的槍支暴力事件比別的城市都要多。所以，我們有最嚴(yán)厲的法律，而你們有大量的槍支暴力事件。”

2. Outsmart

兩人聊著聊著移民又扯到俄羅斯和普京的話題上了。希拉里說(shuō)對(duì)美國(guó)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)入侵是俄羅斯人干的，而且是高層在背后策劃，目的就是干預(yù)美國(guó)大選，幫助特朗普當(dāng)選。特朗普再次表示不認(rèn)識(shí)普京，并且表示，希拉里這么不喜歡普京是因?yàn)槠站┰诤芏嗍虑樯献龅枚急人斆鳌utin has outsmarted her at every step of the way.

英文的各種前綴、后綴真是擴(kuò)展詞匯量的好幫手，掌握了一定量的核心詞匯，以及各種前后綴的構(gòu)詞規(guī)律，你的詞匯量立馬就能翻番。拿這里的這個(gè)out來(lái)說(shuō)，作為前綴一般加在動(dòng)詞前面，表示“超越”之意，比如：She outlived her husband.（她比她丈夫活得久。）/We are outnumbered in this competition.（在這場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中，我們寡不敵眾。）還有去別人家做客時(shí)最常用的outstay one’s welcome（在別人家逗留太久而不受歡迎）。

這里的outsmart則是在形容詞smart前面加了前綴out變身為動(dòng)詞使用，與其類似的另外一個(gè)詞是outwit，用機(jī)智打敗（別人），wit本身是個(gè)名詞，加了前綴out以后也變成了動(dòng)詞，比如：He always manages to outwit his opponents.

跟前綴out意思相近的另外一個(gè)前綴是over，一般加在形容詞或者動(dòng)詞前面表示“過(guò)度”之意，比如：overuse of antibiotics（抗生素過(guò)度使用/濫用）、overconfident people（過(guò)度自信的人）等等。

原話摘錄：

“Clinton: He would rather believe Vladimir Putin than the military and civilian intelligence professionals who are sworn to protect us. I find that just absolutely –

希拉里：他寧愿相信普京也不愿相信那些發(fā)誓要保護(hù)我們的軍隊(duì)和平民專業(yè)情報(bào)人員。我覺(jué)得這個(gè)太…

Trump: She doesn't like Putin because Putin has outsmarted her at every step of the way.

特朗普：她不喜歡普京是因?yàn)槠站┰诿考律隙甲龅帽人斆鳌?/p>

Trump: She has been outsmarted by Putin and all you have to do is look at the Middle East. They’ve taken over. We've spent $6 trillion. They've taken over the Middle East. She has been outsmarted and outplayed worse than anybody I've ever seen in any government whatsoever.

特朗普：她已經(jīng)完敗給普京了，你們看看中東就知道了。俄羅斯已經(jīng)全面控制了中東。我們花了6萬(wàn)億美元，結(jié)果中東讓他們給控制了。她是所有政府官員中完敗最徹底的一個(gè)。”

3. Debunk

希拉里一直以從政經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富自居，特朗普卻認(rèn)為希拉里的經(jīng)驗(yàn)都是糟糕的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，還指出希拉里主政美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院期間有60億美元不翼而飛。希拉里回應(yīng)稱那是謠傳，早就被揭穿很多次了。

這個(gè)debunk是GRE詞匯，指“破除傳言，揭露真相”，如果在寫作時(shí)用了這個(gè)詞，當(dāng)然在用對(duì)的情況下，一定會(huì)讓書面表達(dá)提升一個(gè)檔次，比如：A number of so-called scientific discoveries mentioned in his article have been debunked by several scientists.跟debunk意思相近的詞還有disconfirm、refute等，這兩個(gè)詞都有“否認(rèn)真實(shí)性”的意思，前者是在confirm前面加了表示否定意思的前綴dis來(lái)表示否定之意，比如：Later updates on the news story disconfirmed many details of the initial report（該資訊事件的后續(xù)報(bào)道證明最初報(bào)道中的很多細(xì)節(jié)都是不對(duì)的）.后者跟debunk的意思更加接近，指“駁倒或否認(rèn)（觀點(diǎn)、謠言等）”，比如：This rumor is impossible to refute（這個(gè)謠言根本沒(méi)法破）。

原話摘錄：

“Trump: I say the one thing you have over me is experience. But it is bad experience because what you've done has turned out badly. For 30 years you've been in a position to help. And if you say that I used steel or I used something else, I- make it impossible for me to do. I wouldn't mind. The problem is, you talk but you don't get anything done, Hillary. You don't. Just like when you ran the State Department, $6 billion was missing. How do you miss $6 billion? You ran the State department. $6 billion was either stolen, they don't know. It’s gone. $6 billion. If you become president, this country is going to be in some mess. Believe me.

特朗普：雖說(shuō)你唯一比我強(qiáng)的就是經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但那些都是糟糕的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，因?yàn)槟愕乃魉鶠閷?dǎo)致的結(jié)果都很糟糕。你在真正能提供幫助的位置上待了30年。你說(shuō)我利用鋼材或者別的什么，我無(wú)話可說(shuō)。我不介意。問(wèn)題是，你只是嘴上說(shuō)說(shuō)卻從不實(shí)踐。希拉里，你從來(lái)沒(méi)有行動(dòng)。就像你在國(guó)務(wù)院的時(shí)候，60億美元就那么不見(jiàn)了。你怎么會(huì)把60億沒(méi)有弄丟了呢？你在國(guó)務(wù)院主政，那60億美元要么就是被偷了，沒(méi)人知道。不見(jiàn)了，60億美元。如果你當(dāng)上總統(tǒng)，這個(gè)國(guó)家就會(huì)一團(tuán)糟。相信我。

Clinton: Well, first of all, what he just said about the State Department is not only untrue, it’s been debunked numerous times. But I think it's really an important issue. He raised the 30 years of experience, so let me just talk briefly about that. You know, back in the 1970s, I worked for the children's defense fund and I was taking on discrimination against African-American kids in schools. He was getting sued by the Justice Department for racial discrimination in his apartment buildings. In the 1980s, I was working to reform the schools in Arkansas. He was borrowing $14 million from his father to start his businesses. In the 1990s, I went to Beijing and I said women's rights are human rights. He insulted a former Miss Universe, Alicia Machado, and called her an eating machine.

希拉里：首先，他說(shuō)的國(guó)務(wù)院那事兒不光不是真的，而且已經(jīng)被多次證明是謠言。不過(guò)，我覺(jué)得這的確是個(gè)重要的話題。他提起了我30年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，那我就簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)一說(shuō)我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。你們知道，在上世紀(jì)70年代的時(shí)候，我就為兒童保護(hù)基金會(huì)工作，而且還在學(xué)校里為受到歧視的非洲裔兒童奔走抗?fàn)帯５搅?0年代，我在為阿肯色州的學(xué)校改革奔忙時(shí)，他向他的父親借了1400萬(wàn)美元開始創(chuàng)業(yè)。90年代，我去了北京，提出女性權(quán)益就是人權(quán)。他侮辱了一位前環(huán)球小姐Alicia Machado，說(shuō)她是飯桶。

Trump: Give me a break.

特朗普：哎呦喂。

Clinton: And on the day when I was in the situation room monitoring the raid that brought Osama bin laden to justice, he was hosting The Celebrity Apprentice. So I’m happy to compare my 30 years of experience, what I’ve done for this country, trying to help in every way I could, especially kids and families, get ahead and stay ahead, with your thirty years and I'll let the American people make that decision.

希拉里：我坐在指揮室看著本拉登被突襲正法的時(shí)候，他在主持《名人學(xué)徒》。所以，我很樂(lè)意拿我30年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)跟你的30年來(lái)做比較，我為這個(gè)國(guó)家所做的一切，盡我所能提供幫助，尤其在兒童和家庭方面，事事為先。美國(guó)人民可以自判高下。”

4. Belittle

說(shuō)到候選人是否能勝任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)這一話題時(shí)，兩人又因?yàn)橹疤乩势瘴耆枧缘氖虑槌沉似饋?lái)。特朗普說(shuō)，最近站出來(lái)說(shuō)他曾經(jīng)冒犯過(guò)自己的女性可能都是希拉里團(tuán)隊(duì)找來(lái)的，她們說(shuō)的話都是假的。希拉里引用了特朗普好幾句貶低女性話來(lái)反駁，說(shuō)貶低女性讓他感覺(jué)自己很高大。Belittling women makes him bigger.

Belittle在這里就是make someone feel little（貶低某人，使某人覺(jué)得自己低微）的意思，類似結(jié)構(gòu)的詞還有befool，即make a fool of someone（愚弄/欺騙某人），比如：Don’t try to befool me, I’m not stupid（別想愚弄我，我可不傻）.

原話摘錄：

“Clinton: About another woman, he said “that wouldn't be my first choice.” He attacked the woman reporter writing the story, called her disgusting, as he has called a number of women during this campaign. Donald thinks belittling women makes him bigger. He goes after their dignity, their self-worth, and I don't think there is a woman anywhere that doesn't know what that feels like.

希拉里：關(guān)于另一位女性，他說(shuō)‘這不會(huì)是我的首選。’他攻擊寫了那篇報(bào)道的女記者，說(shuō)她惡心，在競(jìng)選期間，他這樣說(shuō)過(guò)好多位女性。特朗普認(rèn)為貶低女性讓他自己更高大。他攻擊她們的自尊和自我價(jià)值，任何一位女性都知道被那樣攻擊的滋味。”

5. Rigged

本場(chǎng)辯論最大亮點(diǎn)就在這個(gè)詞出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候。主持人問(wèn)特朗普，你說(shuō)本屆大選被認(rèn)為操控了，但是你的競(jìng)選伙伴公開表示你們會(huì)接受最終的選舉結(jié)果，那么你本人是否愿意接受最終的大選結(jié)果。特朗普沒(méi)有正面回答。

Rig指“陰謀詭計(jì)”或者“（用不正當(dāng)方式）操縱或控制”，體育比賽中結(jié)果被人為干預(yù)操縱的比賽就叫rigged game，而這種操縱比賽的行為就叫g(shù)ame-rigging，或者match-fixing。如果在選舉過(guò)程中有人為干預(yù)和操控的行為，就叫vote-rigging，比如：She accused her opponents of rigging the vote（她指責(zé)自己的對(duì)手操控選票）.

原話摘錄：

“Wallace: Mr. Trump, I want to ask you about one last question in this topic. You've been warning at rallies recently that this election is rigged and that Hillary Clinton is in the process of trying to steal it from you. Your running mate Governor Pence pledged on Sunday that he and you, his words, will absolutely accept the result of this election. Today your daughter Ivanka said the same thing. I want to ask you here on the stage tonight, do you make the same commitment that you'll absolutely accept the result of the election.

主持人：特朗普先生，在這個(gè)話題上我想問(wèn)你最后一個(gè)問(wèn)題。你曾經(jīng)在競(jìng)選活動(dòng)中警告說(shuō)，本屆大選被人操控，說(shuō)希拉里正在試圖從你手中偷走選票。你的競(jìng)選伙伴Pence周日表示，你和他，他的原話，絕對(duì)接受最終的大選結(jié)果。今天，你的女兒Ivanka也說(shuō)了同樣的話。今晚，在這里我想問(wèn)問(wèn)你，你是否同意他們的承諾，你會(huì)絕對(duì)接受最終的大選結(jié)果？

Trump: I will look at it at the time. I’m not looking at anything now, I'll look at it at the time. What I've seen, what I’ve seen, is so bad. First of all, the media is so dishonest and so corrupt and the pile on is so amazing. "The New York Times" actually wrote an article about it, but they don't even care. It is so dishonest, and they have poisoned the minds of the voters. But unfortunately for them, I think the voters are seeing through it.

特朗普：到時(shí)候我會(huì)考慮這個(gè)問(wèn)題。目前還沒(méi)有考慮任何有關(guān)事宜，到時(shí)候再說(shuō)。我所見(jiàn)到的情況，非常糟糕。首先，媒體都不誠(chéng)實(shí)，都太腐敗了，他們的腐敗、說(shuō)謊事件多到令人驚奇。《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》專門就這個(gè)話題寫了篇文章，但是，他們完全不在意。他們太不誠(chéng)實(shí)了，以及毒害了很多選民的大腦。不過(guò)，我覺(jué)得選民們會(huì)看透真相的，這對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)不是好消息。

Wallace: But, sir, there is a tradition in this country, in fact, one of the prides of this country is the peaceful transition of power and no matter how hard fought a campaign is that at the end of the campaign, that the loser concedes to the winner. Not saying you're necessarily going to be the loser or the winner, but that the loser concedes to the winner and the country comes together in part for the good of the country. Are you saying you're not prepared now to commit to that principle?

主持人：但是，特朗普先生，我們國(guó)家有一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)，也是我們國(guó)家引以為傲的一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)，就是政權(quán)的平穩(wěn)過(guò)度。無(wú)論競(jìng)選斗爭(zhēng)多么激烈，在大選的最后結(jié)果出來(lái)的時(shí)候，失敗的一方會(huì)承認(rèn)當(dāng)選一方勝出。我不是說(shuō)你一定會(huì)失敗或勝出，但是失敗的一方承認(rèn)敗選然后整個(gè)國(guó)家團(tuán)結(jié)一致朝好的方向出發(fā)。你是說(shuō)，你現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好要遵循這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)嗎？

Trump: What I’m saying is that I will tell you at the time. I'll keep you in suspense, okay?

特朗普：我說(shuō)的是，到時(shí)候我會(huì)告訴你答案，現(xiàn)在先賣個(gè)關(guān)子，行嗎？”

6. Entitlements

在本場(chǎng)辯論的最后，主持人就美國(guó)的債務(wù)問(wèn)題向兩人提問(wèn)時(shí)提到了entitlements這個(gè)話題，entitlements其實(shí)就是指社保、醫(yī)保等國(guó)民保障性福利。主持人提到，這些保障性福利占美國(guó)聯(lián)邦支出的60%，到本世紀(jì)20年代，美國(guó)的醫(yī)保基金就要沒(méi)錢了，到了30年代，社保基金也要空了，屆時(shí)，人們的保障性福利就要大幅削減了，兩位打算怎么辦呢？特朗普說(shuō)，我要減稅，我要提振經(jīng)濟(jì)。希拉里說(shuō)，我要對(duì)富人多征稅，多往社保基金里投錢。

在希拉里發(fā)言的時(shí)候，特朗普插播了一句“Such a nasty woman.”而在兩人此前有關(guān)尊重女性的辯論環(huán)節(jié)，特朗普剛剛說(shuō)過(guò)：“Nobody has more respect for women than I do.”這樣自己打臉的舉動(dòng)，想不被人拿出來(lái)做文章都不行了。更好笑的是，因?yàn)樘乩势盏倪@一句話，Janet Jackson早前的一首歌《Nasty》突然登上熱搜榜，甚至有好事的網(wǎng)友用這首歌配上特朗普在多個(gè)場(chǎng)合說(shuō)“nasty”這個(gè)詞的視頻。今年這大選，都快成K歌比賽了。

原話摘錄：

“Wallace: The one last area I want to get into with you in the debate is the fact that the biggest driver of our debt is entitlements, which is 60% of all federal spending. Now the committee for a Responsible Federal Budget has looked at both of your plans and they say neither of you has a serious plan that is going to solve the fact that Medicare is going to run out of money in the 2024s, Social Security is going to run out of money in the 2030s, and at that time, recipients are going to take huge cuts in their benefits. In fact, the final question I want to ask you in this regard is -- and let me start with you, Mr. Trump. Would President Trump make a deal to save Medicare and Social Security that included both tax increases and benefit cuts, in effect a grand bargain on entitlements?

主持人Wallace：最后我想讓你們倆辯論的是，我們國(guó)家債務(wù)背后最大的推手是保障性福利，占到聯(lián)邦支持的60%。盡責(zé)聯(lián)邦預(yù)算委員會(huì)看過(guò)的二位的方案，對(duì)于本世紀(jì)20年代，醫(yī)保基金要沒(méi)錢和30年代社保基金沒(méi)錢這個(gè)問(wèn)題，你們二位都沒(méi)有給出實(shí)質(zhì)的解決方案。到那個(gè)時(shí)候，所有參保人員的保障就要大幅削減了。所以，我想問(wèn)的最后一個(gè)問(wèn)題是，特朗普先生，你先來(lái)吧，你會(huì)通過(guò)增稅和減福利來(lái)拯救醫(yī)保和社保，為保障性福利做出妥協(xié)嗎？

Trump: I'm cutting taxes. We're going to grow the economy. It's going to grow in a record rate.

特朗普：我要減稅。我們會(huì)發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)。經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)以創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的速度增長(zhǎng)。

Wallace: That's not going to help with entitlements.

主持人Wallace：這些都無(wú)助于解決保障性福利的問(wèn)題啊。

……

Clinton: Well, Chris, I am record as saying we need to put more money into Social Security Trust fund. That's part of my commitment to raise taxes on the wealthy. My Social Security payroll contribution will go up as will Donald's assuming he can't figure out how to get out of it, but what we want to do is –

希拉里：Chris，我原來(lái)就說(shuō)過(guò)我們需要往社保信托基金里多投錢。這其實(shí)是我說(shuō)要對(duì)富人多征稅的承諾的一部分。我的計(jì)劃中，工資中扣繳的社保比例要提高，而特朗普還在想辦法脫離扣繳社保的系統(tǒng)，我們要做的是……