WHEN China joined the World Trade Organisation in late 2001, its share of world exports stoodat 4.3%. By last year that share had soared to10.6%, and the country had become the worldsbiggest exporter. In addition to awe and envy, its rise has spawned a rapidly growing list oftrade quarrels. China was a party to only two of the 93 trade disputes that were taken to theWTO between its accession and the end of 2005. But in the five years to the end of 2010, itwas involved in 26 of the 84 cases filed at the forum.

　　中國于2001年底加入世貿組織時，對外貿易出口額僅占世界總額的4.3%。然而，去年該比例已飆升到10.6%，使得中國已經成為世界上最大的出口國。對此，各國有敬畏也有嫉妒，因而貿易紛爭驟增。在中國入世后至2005年年底這段時間，世貿組織所處理的商業糾紛中，只有兩起牽涉到中國。然而，在05年到10年底這段時間，世貿處理的84起糾紛中，就有26起牽扯到中國。

　　On July 5th the WTOs dispute-settlement body found against China on three linkedcomplaints. The cases were brought by America, the European Union and Mexico in 2009 andtook issue with Chinas policy of restricting the exports of certain industrial raw materials,including bauxite, magnesium, zinc and silica, of which it is a leading producer. The plaintiffsargued that Chinas policies gave domestic firms that use these commodities an unfaircompetitive advantage, while also restricting world supply of these inputs and causing theirprices to soar.

　　7月5號，世貿爭議解決機構在連續3場投訴中都判定中國違規。這3場投訴由美國、歐盟、墨西哥于2009年提出，他們的投訴理由為，中國在鋁土礦、鎂、鋅硅等工業原料方面是主要產出國，但是中國制定政策，限制這些原料的出口。原告認定，中國的政策限制這些商品的供給，引起價格飆升，從而讓國內利用這些原料的公司具有競爭優勢，這很不公平。

　　China says its restrictions were motivated by its desire to conserve the worlds limitedsupply of these materials and to protect the environment from the pollution caused by theirextraction. The problem with this line of argument, as the WTO panel noted, was that althoughChina restricted the export of these commodities, it had done nothing to reduce their actualproduction. Chinas policies were in clear violation of its WTO commitments, it found.

　　中國辯護說設定這些限制完全出于以下考慮，中方有意節約這些稀有資源，同時減少提煉帶來的環境污染。世貿專門問題小組認為，該論證的問題在于，雖然說中國限制這些原料的出口，可是它完全沒有減少實際產出。該小組認為中國的政策顯然違背了它入世時的承諾。

　　China expressed regret at the WTOs ruling and has up to 60 days to lodge an appeal.Jeffrey Schott of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, a think-tank inWashington, DC, expects several more big cases against China soon. But the significance ofthis judgment goes beyond China. Many countries banned some food exports during the food-price spike of 2008. A renewed period of buoyant commodity prices and demand could easilytempt more governments to emulate Chinas restrictions on exports of raw materials. TheWTOs judgment may dissuade at least some countries from doing so. And given the rottenstate of the Doha round of trade talks, a show of teeth in defence of a rules-based tradingsystem is more useful than ever.

　　中國認為世貿組織裁判不公，因而花費多達60天提出上訴。彼得森國際經濟研究所是華盛頓的智囊團，其員工杰弗里?斯科特認為，中國很快就得面對幾場更大的投訴。然而審判的意義其實不在于針對中國。2008年食品價格狂升時，許多國家都禁止進食品出口。現在各國面臨新一輪的食品價格上漲，需求增大，所以它們很可能效仿中國，限制原材料出口。世貿組織做此判定至少可以阻止某些國家采用這條計策。然而，考慮到多邊貿易談判的糟糕情況，我們有必要在此刻展示出維護有規可循的貿易體系的勇氣，這會比以往任何時候都有效。

　　WHEN China joined the World Trade Organisation in late 2001, its share of world exports stoodat 4.3%. By last year that share had soared to10.6%, and the country had become the worldsbiggest exporter. In addition to awe and envy, its rise has spawned a rapidly growing list oftrade quarrels. China was a party to only two of the 93 trade disputes that were taken to theWTO between its accession and the end of 2005. But in the five years to the end of 2010, itwas involved in 26 of the 84 cases filed at the forum.

　　中國于2001年底加入世貿組織時，對外貿易出口額僅占世界總額的4.3%。然而，去年該比例已飆升到10.6%，使得中國已經成為世界上最大的出口國。對此，各國有敬畏也有嫉妒，因而貿易紛爭驟增。在中國入世后至2005年年底這段時間，世貿組織所處理的商業糾紛中，只有兩起牽涉到中國。然而，在05年到10年底這段時間，世貿處理的84起糾紛中，就有26起牽扯到中國。

　　On July 5th the WTOs dispute-settlement body found against China on three linkedcomplaints. The cases were brought by America, the European Union and Mexico in 2009 andtook issue with Chinas policy of restricting the exports of certain industrial raw materials,including bauxite, magnesium, zinc and silica, of which it is a leading producer. The plaintiffsargued that Chinas policies gave domestic firms that use these commodities an unfaircompetitive advantage, while also restricting world supply of these inputs and causing theirprices to soar.

　　7月5號，世貿爭議解決機構在連續3場投訴中都判定中國違規。這3場投訴由美國、歐盟、墨西哥于2009年提出，他們的投訴理由為，中國在鋁土礦、鎂、鋅硅等工業原料方面是主要產出國，但是中國制定政策，限制這些原料的出口。原告認定，中國的政策限制這些商品的供給，引起價格飆升，從而讓國內利用這些原料的公司具有競爭優勢，這很不公平。

　　China says its restrictions were motivated by its desire to conserve the worlds limitedsupply of these materials and to protect the environment from the pollution caused by theirextraction. The problem with this line of argument, as the WTO panel noted, was that althoughChina restricted the export of these commodities, it had done nothing to reduce their actualproduction. Chinas policies were in clear violation of its WTO commitments, it found.

　　中國辯護說設定這些限制完全出于以下考慮，中方有意節約這些稀有資源，同時減少提煉帶來的環境污染。世貿專門問題小組認為，該論證的問題在于，雖然說中國限制這些原料的出口，可是它完全沒有減少實際產出。該小組認為中國的政策顯然違背了它入世時的承諾。

　　China expressed regret at the WTOs ruling and has up to 60 days to lodge an appeal.Jeffrey Schott of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, a think-tank inWashington, DC, expects several more big cases against China soon. But the significance ofthis judgment goes beyond China. Many countries banned some food exports during the food-price spike of 2008. A renewed period of buoyant commodity prices and demand could easilytempt more governments to emulate Chinas restrictions on exports of raw materials. TheWTOs judgment may dissuade at least some countries from doing so. And given the rottenstate of the Doha round of trade talks, a show of teeth in defence of a rules-based tradingsystem is more useful than ever.

　　中國認為世貿組織裁判不公，因而花費多達60天提出上訴。彼得森國際經濟研究所是華盛頓的智囊團，其員工杰弗里?斯科特認為，中國很快就得面對幾場更大的投訴。然而審判的意義其實不在于針對中國。2008年食品價格狂升時，許多國家都禁止進食品出口。現在各國面臨新一輪的食品價格上漲，需求增大，所以它們很可能效仿中國，限制原材料出口。世貿組織做此判定至少可以阻止某些國家采用這條計策。然而，考慮到多邊貿易談判的糟糕情況，我們有必要在此刻展示出維護有規可循的貿易體系的勇氣，這會比以往任何時候都有效。