What are the most effective tools for creating economic growth? It’s a question that drives and plagues government officials and researchers alike, as an endless quest for increased growth dictates policies that touch all of our lives. From tax reform to trade policy, decisions on immigration, infrastructure and education, growth is what lies beneath it all.

什么是拉動經(jīng)濟增長最有效的方法？正是這個問題讓那些政府官員，學(xué)者們上下求索，苦心尋覓。對經(jīng)濟增長的永恒追求決定著政府政策，而政策與我們每個人的生活都息息相關(guān)。從稅制改革到貿(mào)易政策，從移民管控到基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、教育制度，在底層起決定性作用的都是經(jīng)濟增長。

But there is another powerful driver of economic growth that has long gone largely unrecognized: women’s economic empowerment. Commonly framed as a human rights or social issue, the conversation around women in the global workforce is now shifting towards the potentially explosive financial impact that increased gender equality could bring to both developed and emerging economies.

但是還有一種強大的經(jīng)濟增長引擎，長期以來一直被大多數(shù)人忽視：女性推動經(jīng)濟的力量。女權(quán)主義的發(fā)展過去一直被認為是人權(quán)問題或社會問題，如今人們的關(guān)注點越來越轉(zhuǎn)向世界勞動力市場中女性所具有的促成經(jīng)濟爆發(fā)式增長的影響力，無論是對發(fā)達國家還是發(fā)展中國家。

While women make up just over half the worldwide population, a recent studydetermined that they account for only 37% of measured global GDP. But make no mistake, today’s women are working–just not as consistently as men in the type of work that factors into GDP. In addition to formal jobs, women do 60% of the unpaid work, such as child and elderly care, shopping, and household tasks that allow society to run smoothly. In the U.S., if household production were properly accounted for in national income accounts, this work alone would amount to 26% of GDP.

女性占據(jù)著超過一半的世界人口數(shù)量，一項近期研究顯示，他們在全球GDP測評值中只占有37%的份額。但是不容忽略的是，如今女性都在工作——只是不像男人那樣從事著持續(xù)性的工作，因而可以算入對GDP的考量。除了正是工作之外，女性還承擔(dān)著60%無薪資的工作，比如養(yǎng)育孩子，照顧老人，采購，處理家務(wù)，保證著社會的正常運行。在美國，假設(shè)家庭事務(wù)的處理被合理的計算入國民收入核算，僅這一工作就可以換算成26%的GDP。

The Citi GPS report tells the story of women as a powerful, often untapped driver of economic growth. The research has far-reaching potential to raise awareness of the issues and ultimately shift public policy. The numbers are, in fact, staggering: Countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) could see as much as a 20% leap in GDP if female involvement in the economy was raised to that of men.

Citi GPS 報告告訴人們，女性已經(jīng)成為強大，并且往往被忽略的經(jīng)濟增長引擎。這項研究具有深遠的意義，能夠喚起人們對相關(guān)問題的總是，并且最終促成政府政策的改善。事實上，這是一個驚人的數(shù)字：經(jīng)濟合作與發(fā)展組織提供的數(shù)據(jù)表明，如果女性對國民經(jīng)濟的參與度提升至與男性相同的水平，GDP可實現(xiàn)高達20%的跳躍式增長。

You read that right: 20%.

你沒看錯，是20%。

To put that number into context, today’s estimates set the total potential growth for OECD countries at about 1.5 percent per year from 2024-18. According to Ebrahim Rahbari, and one of the report’s lead authors, the potential for growth through women’s economic empowerment far outweighs other options to boost growth such as monetary or fiscal stimulus packages.

放在具體的經(jīng)濟環(huán)境下來說，據(jù)當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)測，女性促使的經(jīng)濟增長總產(chǎn)值相當(dāng)于經(jīng)濟合作與發(fā)展組織成員國從2024-2024年年均1.5的國民總產(chǎn)值。這份報告的主要撰稿人之一，Ebrahim Rahbari稱，女性拉動經(jīng)濟增長的潛能遠遠超過了貨幣政策，財政刺激等促進經(jīng)濟增長的調(diào)控方式。

“The 20% number is an ambitious, best-case scenario because it relies on female participation levels, average working hours and average productivity levels matching that of men. More conservative, perhaps more realistic estimates for the near-to-medium term put the potential at 6% if we create the conditions to increase female participation in the economy,” Rahbari says. “But even at 6%, it far surpasses what you would expect as a gain from alternative options to boost growth such as the proposed tax reform in the US, which might boost GDP by around 1-1.5% over a few years. The size of the opportunity is just huge.”

“20%這個估算值是一種最理想狀態(tài)下，最理想主義的數(shù)字，因為這取決于女性的參與度，平均工作時長，以及是否能達到與男性想當(dāng)?shù)钠骄ぷ餍仕健Ｔ诟鼮楸Ｊ刂髁x，更現(xiàn)實的估算下，用更為低調(diào)的說法來說，如果我們能創(chuàng)造條件增加女性對國民經(jīng)濟的參與度，這個數(shù)字大概為6%。”Rahbari說。“不過就算是6%，這個數(shù)字也遠遠超過了其他促進經(jīng)濟增長的選項所能帶來的經(jīng)濟增長，比如在美國已被提出的稅制改革預(yù)計能在未來幾年拉動約1%-1.5%的經(jīng)濟增長。女性拉動經(jīng)濟增長的力量可謂潛力無限。

What are the most effective tools for creating economic growth? It’s a question that drives and plagues government officials and researchers alike, as an endless quest for increased growth dictates policies that touch all of our lives. From tax reform to trade policy, decisions on immigration, infrastructure and education, growth is what lies beneath it all.

什么是拉動經(jīng)濟增長最有效的方法？正是這個問題讓那些政府官員，學(xué)者們上下求索，苦心尋覓。對經(jīng)濟增長的永恒追求決定著政府政策，而政策與我們每個人的生活都息息相關(guān)。從稅制改革到貿(mào)易政策，從移民管控到基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、教育制度，在底層起決定性作用的都是經(jīng)濟增長。

But there is another powerful driver of economic growth that has long gone largely unrecognized: women’s economic empowerment. Commonly framed as a human rights or social issue, the conversation around women in the global workforce is now shifting towards the potentially explosive financial impact that increased gender equality could bring to both developed and emerging economies.

但是還有一種強大的經(jīng)濟增長引擎，長期以來一直被大多數(shù)人忽視：女性推動經(jīng)濟的力量。女權(quán)主義的發(fā)展過去一直被認為是人權(quán)問題或社會問題，如今人們的關(guān)注點越來越轉(zhuǎn)向世界勞動力市場中女性所具有的促成經(jīng)濟爆發(fā)式增長的影響力，無論是對發(fā)達國家還是發(fā)展中國家。

While women make up just over half the worldwide population, a recent studydetermined that they account for only 37% of measured global GDP. But make no mistake, today’s women are working–just not as consistently as men in the type of work that factors into GDP. In addition to formal jobs, women do 60% of the unpaid work, such as child and elderly care, shopping, and household tasks that allow society to run smoothly. In the U.S., if household production were properly accounted for in national income accounts, this work alone would amount to 26% of GDP.

女性占據(jù)著超過一半的世界人口數(shù)量，一項近期研究顯示，他們在全球GDP測評值中只占有37%的份額。但是不容忽略的是，如今女性都在工作——只是不像男人那樣從事著持續(xù)性的工作，因而可以算入對GDP的考量。除了正是工作之外，女性還承擔(dān)著60%無薪資的工作，比如養(yǎng)育孩子，照顧老人，采購，處理家務(wù)，保證著社會的正常運行。在美國，假設(shè)家庭事務(wù)的處理被合理的計算入國民收入核算，僅這一工作就可以換算成26%的GDP。

The Citi GPS report tells the story of women as a powerful, often untapped driver of economic growth. The research has far-reaching potential to raise awareness of the issues and ultimately shift public policy. The numbers are, in fact, staggering: Countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) could see as much as a 20% leap in GDP if female involvement in the economy was raised to that of men.

Citi GPS 報告告訴人們，女性已經(jīng)成為強大，并且往往被忽略的經(jīng)濟增長引擎。這項研究具有深遠的意義，能夠喚起人們對相關(guān)問題的總是，并且最終促成政府政策的改善。事實上，這是一個驚人的數(shù)字：經(jīng)濟合作與發(fā)展組織提供的數(shù)據(jù)表明，如果女性對國民經(jīng)濟的參與度提升至與男性相同的水平，GDP可實現(xiàn)高達20%的跳躍式增長。

You read that right: 20%.

你沒看錯，是20%。

To put that number into context, today’s estimates set the total potential growth for OECD countries at about 1.5 percent per year from 2024-18. According to Ebrahim Rahbari, and one of the report’s lead authors, the potential for growth through women’s economic empowerment far outweighs other options to boost growth such as monetary or fiscal stimulus packages.

放在具體的經(jīng)濟環(huán)境下來說，據(jù)當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)測，女性促使的經(jīng)濟增長總產(chǎn)值相當(dāng)于經(jīng)濟合作與發(fā)展組織成員國從2024-2024年年均1.5的國民總產(chǎn)值。這份報告的主要撰稿人之一，Ebrahim Rahbari稱，女性拉動經(jīng)濟增長的潛能遠遠超過了貨幣政策，財政刺激等促進經(jīng)濟增長的調(diào)控方式。

“The 20% number is an ambitious, best-case scenario because it relies on female participation levels, average working hours and average productivity levels matching that of men. More conservative, perhaps more realistic estimates for the near-to-medium term put the potential at 6% if we create the conditions to increase female participation in the economy,” Rahbari says. “But even at 6%, it far surpasses what you would expect as a gain from alternative options to boost growth such as the proposed tax reform in the US, which might boost GDP by around 1-1.5% over a few years. The size of the opportunity is just huge.”

“20%這個估算值是一種最理想狀態(tài)下，最理想主義的數(shù)字，因為這取決于女性的參與度，平均工作時長，以及是否能達到與男性想當(dāng)?shù)钠骄ぷ餍仕健Ｔ诟鼮楸Ｊ刂髁x，更現(xiàn)實的估算下，用更為低調(diào)的說法來說，如果我們能創(chuàng)造條件增加女性對國民經(jīng)濟的參與度，這個數(shù)字大概為6%。”Rahbari說。“不過就算是6%，這個數(shù)字也遠遠超過了其他促進經(jīng)濟增長的選項所能帶來的經(jīng)濟增長，比如在美國已被提出的稅制改革預(yù)計能在未來幾年拉動約1%-1.5%的經(jīng)濟增長。女性拉動經(jīng)濟增長的力量可謂潛力無限。