高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法和慣用法：六類(lèi)容易出錯(cuò)的同位語(yǔ)問(wèn)題
當(dāng)兩個(gè)指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí)，若其中一個(gè)句子成分是用于說(shuō)明或解釋另一個(gè)句子成分的，那么用于起說(shuō)明或解釋作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位語(yǔ)。如：
Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an interview. 勞拉邁爾，BBC的記者，要求采訪(fǎng)。
Influenza, a common disease, has no cure. 流行性感冒是一種常見(jiàn)病，無(wú)特效藥。
Mary, one of the most intelligent girls I know, is planning to attend the university. 瑪麗是我所認(rèn)識(shí)的最聰敏的姑娘之一，她正準(zhǔn)備上大學(xué)。
Who is that man, the first in the front row? 前排第一個(gè)人是誰(shuí)?
We have two children, a boy and a girl. 我們有兩個(gè)孩子，一個(gè)男孩和一個(gè)女孩。
以上所舉的同位語(yǔ)例子都是同位語(yǔ)的基本形式，一般不會(huì)出錯(cuò)。但有有幾種同位語(yǔ)，或由于身本結(jié)構(gòu)特殊，或由于它修飾的成分結(jié)構(gòu)比較特殊，往往會(huì)引起誤解。現(xiàn)小結(jié)并舉例說(shuō)明如下，希望引起同學(xué)們的注意。
一、代詞we, us, you等后接同位語(yǔ)
Are you two reading? 你們二人在看書(shū)嗎?
They three joined the school team. 他們3人參加了校隊(duì)。
She has great concern for us students. 她對(duì)我們學(xué)生很關(guān)心。
He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你們男孩子安靜些。
We girls often go to the movies together. 我們女孩子經(jīng)常一起去看電影。
【溫馨提示】若能在書(shū)面表達(dá)中巧妙地用上一兩處這樣的同位語(yǔ)，也可以算為你的作文增加了一個(gè)小亮點(diǎn)。
二、不定式用作同位語(yǔ)
Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下達(dá)了發(fā)起總攻的命令。(to start the general attack與the order同位)
He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up. 他照吩咐沿某一條街走，我在那里接他上了車(chē)。(to walk along與the instruction同位)
【溫馨提示】當(dāng)心單項(xiàng)填空就這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)命題。
三、-ing分詞用作同位語(yǔ)
Hes getting a job tonight driving a truck. 他今晚得到一個(gè)開(kāi)卡車(chē)的差事。(driving a track與a job同位)
She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家洗衣店得到一個(gè)熨衣服的職位。(ironing shirts與a place同位)
The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一個(gè)計(jì)劃是夜襲，被拒絕了。(attacking at night與the first plan同位)
【溫馨提示】當(dāng)心單項(xiàng)填空就這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)命題。
四、形容詞用作同位語(yǔ)
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou. 目前的交易會(huì)，是有史以來(lái)規(guī)模最大的，正在廣州舉行。
He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 他讀了很多書(shū)，古今中外都有。
People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade. 老老少少的人都來(lái)到街頭觀(guān)看游行。
【溫馨提示】這類(lèi)同位語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)比較接近，可轉(zhuǎn)換成定語(yǔ)從句。如：
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
=The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
五、none of us之類(lèi)的結(jié)構(gòu)用作同位語(yǔ)
We none of us said anything. 我們誰(shuí)也沒(méi)說(shuō)話(huà)。
We have none of us large appetites. 我們誰(shuí)飯量都不大。
They neither of them wanted to go. 他們兩人都不想去。
Theyve neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence. 他們兩人誰(shuí)也沒(méi)能贏(yíng)得她的信任。
【溫馨提示】注意，同位語(yǔ)并不影響其后句子謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)，如：
學(xué)生每人都有一本詞典。
正：The students each have a dictionary.
誤：The students each has a dictionary.
請(qǐng)比較下面一句(謂語(yǔ)用了單數(shù)，因?yàn)閑ach為句子主語(yǔ))：
正：Each of the students has a dictionary.
六、從句用作同位語(yǔ)(即同位語(yǔ)從句)
They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他們?yōu)槟闵“l(fā)愁。
I received a message that she would be late. 我得到的信息說(shuō)她可能晚到。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不實(shí)。
The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong. 你可以不動(dòng)腦筋做此工作的想法是錯(cuò)誤的。
【溫馨提示】同位語(yǔ)從句似乎是近年來(lái)高考英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)新熱點(diǎn)，希望同學(xué)們引起注意。下面請(qǐng)看幾道真題(答案分別為ABBC)：
1. There is much chance _________ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. (天津卷)
A. that B. which C. until D. if
2. Its thirty years since we last met.
But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _________ we got lost on a rainy night. (四川卷)
A. which B. that C. what D. when
3. Doris success lies in the fact _________ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. (上海卷)
A. which B. that C. when D. why
4. A warm thought suddenly came to me _________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.(www.nmet168.com) (安徽卷)
A. if B. when C. that D. which
當(dāng)兩個(gè)指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí)，若其中一個(gè)句子成分是用于說(shuō)明或解釋另一個(gè)句子成分的，那么用于起說(shuō)明或解釋作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位語(yǔ)。如：
Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an interview. 勞拉邁爾，BBC的記者，要求采訪(fǎng)。
Influenza, a common disease, has no cure. 流行性感冒是一種常見(jiàn)病，無(wú)特效藥。
Mary, one of the most intelligent girls I know, is planning to attend the university. 瑪麗是我所認(rèn)識(shí)的最聰敏的姑娘之一，她正準(zhǔn)備上大學(xué)。
Who is that man, the first in the front row? 前排第一個(gè)人是誰(shuí)?
We have two children, a boy and a girl. 我們有兩個(gè)孩子，一個(gè)男孩和一個(gè)女孩。
以上所舉的同位語(yǔ)例子都是同位語(yǔ)的基本形式，一般不會(huì)出錯(cuò)。但有有幾種同位語(yǔ)，或由于身本結(jié)構(gòu)特殊，或由于它修飾的成分結(jié)構(gòu)比較特殊，往往會(huì)引起誤解。現(xiàn)小結(jié)并舉例說(shuō)明如下，希望引起同學(xué)們的注意。
一、代詞we, us, you等后接同位語(yǔ)
Are you two reading? 你們二人在看書(shū)嗎?
They three joined the school team. 他們3人參加了校隊(duì)。
She has great concern for us students. 她對(duì)我們學(xué)生很關(guān)心。
He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你們男孩子安靜些。
We girls often go to the movies together. 我們女孩子經(jīng)常一起去看電影。
【溫馨提示】若能在書(shū)面表達(dá)中巧妙地用上一兩處這樣的同位語(yǔ)，也可以算為你的作文增加了一個(gè)小亮點(diǎn)。
二、不定式用作同位語(yǔ)
Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下達(dá)了發(fā)起總攻的命令。(to start the general attack與the order同位)
He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up. 他照吩咐沿某一條街走，我在那里接他上了車(chē)。(to walk along與the instruction同位)
【溫馨提示】當(dāng)心單項(xiàng)填空就這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)命題。
三、-ing分詞用作同位語(yǔ)
Hes getting a job tonight driving a truck. 他今晚得到一個(gè)開(kāi)卡車(chē)的差事。(driving a track與a job同位)
She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家洗衣店得到一個(gè)熨衣服的職位。(ironing shirts與a place同位)
The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一個(gè)計(jì)劃是夜襲，被拒絕了。(attacking at night與the first plan同位)
【溫馨提示】當(dāng)心單項(xiàng)填空就這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)命題。
四、形容詞用作同位語(yǔ)
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou. 目前的交易會(huì)，是有史以來(lái)規(guī)模最大的，正在廣州舉行。
He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 他讀了很多書(shū)，古今中外都有。
People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade. 老老少少的人都來(lái)到街頭觀(guān)看游行。
【溫馨提示】這類(lèi)同位語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)比較接近，可轉(zhuǎn)換成定語(yǔ)從句。如：
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
=The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
五、none of us之類(lèi)的結(jié)構(gòu)用作同位語(yǔ)
We none of us said anything. 我們誰(shuí)也沒(méi)說(shuō)話(huà)。
We have none of us large appetites. 我們誰(shuí)飯量都不大。
They neither of them wanted to go. 他們兩人都不想去。
Theyve neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence. 他們兩人誰(shuí)也沒(méi)能贏(yíng)得她的信任。
【溫馨提示】注意，同位語(yǔ)并不影響其后句子謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)，如：
學(xué)生每人都有一本詞典。
正：The students each have a dictionary.
誤：The students each has a dictionary.
請(qǐng)比較下面一句(謂語(yǔ)用了單數(shù)，因?yàn)閑ach為句子主語(yǔ))：
正：Each of the students has a dictionary.
六、從句用作同位語(yǔ)(即同位語(yǔ)從句)
They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他們?yōu)槟闵“l(fā)愁。
I received a message that she would be late. 我得到的信息說(shuō)她可能晚到。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不實(shí)。
The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong. 你可以不動(dòng)腦筋做此工作的想法是錯(cuò)誤的。
【溫馨提示】同位語(yǔ)從句似乎是近年來(lái)高考英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)新熱點(diǎn)，希望同學(xué)們引起注意。下面請(qǐng)看幾道真題(答案分別為ABBC)：
1. There is much chance _________ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. (天津卷)
A. that B. which C. until D. if
2. Its thirty years since we last met.
But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _________ we got lost on a rainy night. (四川卷)
A. which B. that C. what D. when
3. Doris success lies in the fact _________ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. (上海卷)
A. which B. that C. when D. why
4. A warm thought suddenly came to me _________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.(www.nmet168.com) (安徽卷)
A. if B. when C. that D. which
